Mayendedwe a Galimoto Yamagetsi - Global Electric Vehicle Forecast 2023

IEA (2023), Global Electric Vehicle Outlook 2023, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2023, License: CC BY 4.0
Ngakhale kusokonezeka kwa mayendedwe azinthu, kusatsimikizika kwachuma komanso kusatsimikizika kwadziko, komanso mitengo yayikulu yamafuta ndi mphamvu, kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi1 kudzafikanso kwambiri mu 2022. malonda mu 2022 adzakhala 3% pansi kuposa 2021. Kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi, kuphatikizapo magalimoto amagetsi a batri (BEVs) ndi magalimoto amagetsi osakanizidwa (PHEVs), adapitilira 10 miliyoni chaka chatha, kukwera 55% kuchokera 2021.2. Chiwerengerochi - magalimoto amagetsi a 10 miliyoni omwe amagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi - amaposa chiwerengero cha magalimoto ogulitsidwa ku EU yonse (pafupifupi 9.5 miliyoni) ndi pafupifupi theka la magalimoto onse ogulitsidwa ku EU. Kugulitsa magalimoto ku China ku 2022. M'zaka zisanu zokha, kuchokera ku 2017 mpaka 2022, malonda a galimoto yamagetsi adalumpha kuchokera kuzungulira 1 miliyoni kufika pa 10 miliyoni. Zinkatenga zaka zisanu, kuchokera ku 2012 mpaka 2017, kuti malonda a EV apite kuchokera ku 100,000 kufika pa 1 miliyoni, kuwonetseratu kukula kwa malonda a EV. Gawo lamagalimoto amagetsi pakugulitsa kwamagalimoto onse adalumpha kuchoka pa 9% mu 2021 mpaka 14% mu 2022, kupitilira 10 gawo lawo mu 2017.
Kuwonjezeka kwa malonda kudzabweretsa chiwerengero chonse cha magalimoto amagetsi m'misewu yapadziko lonse lapansi kufika pa 26 miliyoni, kukwera 60% kuchokera ku 2021, ndi magalimoto abwino amagetsi omwe amawerengera kuposa 70% ya kuwonjezeka kwapachaka, monga zaka zapitazo. Zotsatira zake, pofika chaka cha 2022, pafupifupi 70% ya magalimoto oyendetsa magetsi padziko lonse lapansi adzakhala magalimoto amagetsi okha. Mwachidule, kukula kwa malonda pakati pa 2021 ndi 2022 kudzakhala kokwera kwambiri pakati pa 2020 ndi 2021 - kuwonjezeka kwa magalimoto 3.5 miliyoni - koma kukula kwake kumakhala kotsika (kugulitsa kuwirikiza kawiri pakati pa 2020 ndi 2021). Kukula kodabwitsa mu 2021 kungakhale chifukwa cha msika wamagalimoto amagetsi omwe udayamba pambuyo pa mliri wa coronavirus (Covid-19). Poyerekeza ndi zaka za m'mbuyomu, kukula kwapachaka kwa malonda a magalimoto amagetsi mu 2022 ndi ofanana ndi kukula kwapakati pa 2015-2018, ndipo kukula kwapachaka kwa umwini wa magalimoto amagetsi padziko lonse mu 2022 ndi ofanana ndi kukula kwa 2021 ndi kupitirira. Mu nthawi ya 2015-2018. Msika wamagalimoto amagetsi ukubwerera mwachangu kuthamanga kwa mliri usanachitike.
Kukula kwa malonda a EV kumasiyanasiyana malinga ndi dera ndi powertrain, koma kupitilirabe kulamuliridwa ndi People's Republic of China ("China"). Mu 2022, kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi ku China kudzakwera ndi 60% poyerekeza ndi 2021 mpaka 4.4 miliyoni, ndipo kugulitsa kwa magalimoto osakanizidwa kudzakhala pafupifupi katatu mpaka 1.5 miliyoni. Kukula kwachangu kwa malonda a PHEV poyerekeza ndi BEV kuyenera kuwerengedwanso m'zaka zikubwerazi popeza kugulitsa kwa PHEV kumakhalabe kofooka ponseponse ndipo tsopano akuyenera kukumana ndi Covid-19 boom; Kugulitsa kwa EV kuwirikiza katatu kuchokera ku 2020 mpaka 2021. Ngakhale kugulitsa magalimoto onse mu 2022 akutsika ndi 3% kuchokera ku 2021, malonda a EV akukwerabe.
China imapanga pafupifupi 60% ya zolembetsa zatsopano zamagalimoto amagetsi padziko lapansi. Mu 2022, kwa nthawi yoyamba, China idzawerengera zoposa 50% ya chiwerengero cha magalimoto amagetsi pamisewu yapadziko lonse lapansi, yomwe idzakhala magalimoto okwana 13.8 miliyoni. Kukula kwamphamvuku ndi chifukwa cha zaka zopitilira khumi zochirikiza mfundo zopititsira patsogolo kwa omwe adatengera koyambirira, kuphatikiza kukulitsidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa 2022 kwa zolimbikitsa zogula zomwe zidayenera kutha mu 2020 chifukwa cha Covid-19, kuphatikiza pamalingaliro monga Charging Infrastructure. Kutulutsidwa kofulumira ku China komanso ndondomeko yokhwima yolembetsa magalimoto opanda magetsi.
Gawo la magalimoto amagetsi pakugulitsa magalimoto onse pamsika wapakhomo ku China lidzafika 29% pofika 2022, kuchokera pa 16% mu 2021 ndi pansi pa 6% pakati pa 2018 ndi 2020. Choncho, China yakwaniritsa cholinga chake cha dziko chokwaniritsa gawo la 20 peresenti ya kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi pofika chaka cha 2025. - Itanani New Energy Vehicle (NEV) 3 pasadakhale. Zizindikiro zonse zikuwonetsa kukula kowonjezereka: ngakhale Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Zaukadaulo waku China (MIIT), womwe umayang'anira makampani amagalimoto, sunasinthebe zolinga zake zapadziko lonse za NEV zogulitsa, cholinga chowonjezera magetsi pamagalimoto apamsewu chatsimikizika. kwa chaka chamawa. 2019. Zolemba zingapo zaukadaulo. China ikufuna kukwaniritsa gawo la 50 peresenti ya zogulitsa zomwe zimatchedwa "malo ofunika kwambiri owononga mpweya" komanso gawo la 40 peresenti ya malonda padziko lonse pofika chaka cha 2030 kuti athandizire dongosolo ladziko lonse kuti athetse mpweya wa carbon. Ngati mayendedwe aposachedwa amsika akupitilirabe, chandamale cha China cha 2030 chikhoza kukwaniritsidwa posachedwa. Maboma azigawo akuthandiziranso kukhazikitsidwa kwa NEV, ndipo mpaka pano zigawo 18 zakhazikitsa zolinga za NEV.
Thandizo lachigawo ku China lathandizanso kupanga ena mwa opanga magalimoto akuluakulu amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi. Likulu lawo ku Shenzhen, BYD imapereka mabasi ambiri amagetsi ndi ma taxi ammzindawu, ndipo utsogoleri wake ukuwonekeranso mu chikhumbo cha Shenzhen kuti akwaniritse gawo la 60 peresenti ya malonda a magalimoto atsopano pofika chaka cha 2025. Guangzhou ikufuna kukwaniritsa gawo la 50% lagalimoto yatsopano yamagetsi. kugulitsa ndi 2025, kuthandiza Xpeng Motors kukula ndikukhala m'modzi mwa atsogoleri pamagalimoto amagetsi mdziko muno.
Sizikudziwikabe ngati gawo la China la malonda a EV lidzakhalabe pamwamba pa 20% yomwe ikuyembekezeredwa mu 2023, chifukwa malonda akuyenera kukhala amphamvu kwambiri chifukwa cholimbikitsana chikuyembekezeka kuthetsedwa kumapeto kwa 2022. Zogulitsa mu Januwale 2023 zidatsika kwambiri, ngakhale Izi zinali zina chifukwa cha nthawi ya Chaka Chatsopano cha Lunar, ndipo poyerekeza ndi Januware 2022, zidatsika ndi pafupifupi 10%. Komabe, mu February ndi Marichi 2023, malonda a EV afika, omwe ali pafupifupi 60% kuposa mu February 2022 komanso kuposa 25% kuposa February 2022. apamwamba kuposa malonda mu March 2022, zomwe zinachititsa kuti malonda agulidwe m'gawo loyamba la 2023 kuposa 20% kuposa gawo loyamba la 2022.
Ku Europe4, kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi mu 2022 kudzakula ndi 15% poyerekeza ndi 2021, kufikira mayunitsi 2.7 miliyoni. Kukula kwamalonda kwakula mwachangu m'zaka zam'mbuyomu, ndikukula kwapachaka kupitilira 65% mu 2021 komanso kukula kwapakati pa 40% mu 2017-2019. Mu 2022, kugulitsa kwa BEV kudzakula ndi 30% poyerekeza ndi 2021 (kukwera 65% mu 2021 poyerekeza ndi 2020), pomwe kugulitsa kwa plug-in hybrid kudzatsika pafupifupi 3%. Europe idawerengera 10% yakukula kwapadziko lonse pakugulitsa magalimoto atsopano amagetsi. Ngakhale kukula pang'onopang'ono mu 2022, kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi ku Europe kukukulirakulirabe pamsika wamagalimoto, ndikugulitsa magalimoto onse ku Europe mu 2022 kutsika ndi 3% poyerekeza ndi 2021.
Kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono ku Europe poyerekeza ndi zaka zam'mbuyomu kukuwonetsa kukula kwapadera kwa kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi ku EU mu 2020 ndi 2021 pomwe opanga asintha mwachangu njira zawo zamabizinesi kuti akwaniritse miyezo yotulutsa mpweya wa CO2 mu 2019. Miyezoyi ikukhudza nthawi ya 2020-2024, ndi EU- Zolinga zotulutsa mpweya zambiri zikungokulirakulira kuyambira 2025 ndi 2030.
Mitengo yamphamvu kwambiri mu 2022 idzakhala ndi zovuta pakupikisana kwamagalimoto amagetsi motsutsana ndi magalimoto oyaka moto mkati mwa injini (ICE). Mitengo ya petulo ndi dizilo yamagalimoto oyaka mkati yakwera kwambiri, koma nthawi zina, ndalama zamagetsi zokhalamo (zokhudzana ndi kulipiritsa) zakweranso. Mitengo yapamwamba yamagetsi ndi gasi ikukwezanso mtengo wopangira injini zoyatsira mkati ndi magalimoto amagetsi, ndipo ena opanga magalimoto amakhulupirira kuti mitengo yapamwamba yamagetsi ikhoza kuchepetsa ndalama zamtsogolo za batri yatsopano.
Pofika chaka cha 2022, Europe ikhalabe msika wachiwiri waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wa EV pambuyo pa China, kuwerengera 25% yazogulitsa zonse za EV ndi 30% ya umwini wapadziko lonse lapansi. Gawo la malonda a galimoto yamagetsi lidzafika 21% poyerekeza ndi 18% mu 2021, 10% mu 2020 ndi pansi pa 3% pofika 2019. Mayiko a ku Ulaya akupitirizabe kukhala ndi gawo lalikulu la malonda a EV, ndi Norway akutsogolera ndi 88%. Sweden ndi 54%, Netherlands ndi 35%, Germany ndi 31%, UK ndi 23% ndi France ndi 21% 2022. Germany ndiye msika waukulu kwambiri ku Europe ndi kuchuluka kwa malonda, ndikugulitsa 830,000 mu 2022, kutsatiridwa ndi UK ndi 370,000 ndi France ndi 330,000. Zogulitsa ku Spain zidakweranso 80,000. Gawo la magalimoto amagetsi pakugulitsa magalimoto onse ku Germany lidakwera kakhumi kuyerekeza ndi pre-Covid-19, chifukwa cha gawo lothandizira pambuyo pa mliri monga zolimbikitsa zogula za Umweltbonus, komanso kugulitsa kusanachitike kuyambira 2023 mpaka 2022. chaka chino, ndalama zothandizira zidzachepetsedwa. Komabe, ku Italy, malonda a EV adatsika kuchokera ku 140,000 mu 2021 mpaka 115,000 mu 2022, pamene Austria, Denmark ndi Finland awonanso kuchepa kapena kutsika.
Zogulitsa ku Europe zikuyembekezeka kupitiliza kukula, makamaka kutsatira kusintha kwaposachedwa kwa mfundo pansi pa pulogalamu ya Fit for 55. Malamulo atsopanowa amakhazikitsa miyezo yokhwima ya CO2 ya 2030-2034 ndipo akufuna kuchepetsa mpweya wa CO2 kuchokera m'magalimoto atsopano ndi ma vani ndi 100% kuchokera ku 2035 poyerekeza ndi 2021. Pakanthawi kochepa, zolimbikitsa zomwe zikuchitika pakati pa 2025 ndi 2029 zidzapereka mphotho kwa opanga omwe amapeza gawo 25% la zogulitsa zamagalimoto (17% ya ma vani) paziro kapena magalimoto otsika. M'miyezi iwiri yoyambirira ya 2023, kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi kudakula ndi 30% pachaka, pomwe magalimoto onse adakwera ndi 10% pachaka.
Ku US, malonda a EV adzakula ndi 55% mu 2022 poyerekeza ndi 2021, ma EV okha omwe akutsogolera. Kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi kudakwera 70% mpaka pafupifupi mayunitsi 800,000, zomwe zikuwonetsa chaka chachiwiri chakukula kwamphamvu pambuyo pakutsika kwa 2019-2020. Malonda a plug-in hybrid adakweranso, ngakhale 15% yokha. Kukula pakugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi ku US kuli kokulirapo chifukwa kugulitsa magalimoto onse mu 2022 kudatsika ndi 8% kuchokera mu 2021, pamwamba pa pafupifupi -3%. Ponseponse, US idawerengera 10 peresenti yakukula kwa malonda padziko lonse lapansi. Chiwerengero cha magalimoto amagetsi chidzafika pa 3 miliyoni, zomwe ndi 40% kuposa 2021, zomwe zidzakhala 10% ya magalimoto onse amagetsi padziko lapansi. Magalimoto amagetsi adapanga pafupifupi 8% yazogulitsa zonse, kuchokera kupitilira 5% mu 2021 ndi pafupifupi 2% pakati pa 2018 ndi 2020.
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malonda achuluke ku US. Mitundu yotsika mtengo kuposa yomwe idaperekedwa ndi mtsogoleri wakale Tesla zitha kuthandiza kutseka malire. Ndi makampani akuluakulu monga Tesla ndi General Motors akugunda denga la subsidy zaka zapitazo ndi chithandizo chochokera ku United States, makampani ena ayambitsa mitundu yatsopano amatanthauza kuti ogula ambiri atha kupindula mpaka $ 7,500 polimbikitsa kugula. Pamene maboma ndi mabizinesi akusunthira kumagetsi, kuzindikira kukukulirakulira: pofika chaka cha 2022, m'modzi mwa anthu anayi aku America akuyembekeza kuti galimoto yawo yotsatira ikhale yamagetsi, malinga ndi AAA. Ngakhale kuti zopangira zolipiritsa komanso mtunda woyenda zayenda bwino m'zaka zaposachedwa, zimakhalabe zovuta kwambiri kwa madalaivala ku US, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhala mtunda wautali, kulowa kochepa, komanso kupezeka kwa njira zina monga njanji. Komabe, mu 2021, lamulo la zomangamanga la bipartisan lidakulitsa chithandizo cha kulipiritsa magalimoto amagetsi pogawa $5 biliyoni yonse pakati pa 2022 ndi 2026 kudzera mu National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Formula Programme ndikutengera National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Programme pogawa US $ 2.5 biliyoni mu mawonekedwe ampikisano. Discretionary Charging and Refueling Infrastructure Financing Scheme.
Kuchulukirachulukira kwakukula kwamalonda kuyenera kupitilirabe mpaka 2023 ndi kupitilira apo, chifukwa cha mfundo yatsopano yothandizira (onani Electric Vehicle Deployment Outlook). The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) yachititsa chidwi padziko lonse lapansi ndi makampani amagalimoto amagetsi kuti awonjezere ntchito zopanga ku US. Pakati pa Ogasiti 2022 ndi Marichi 2023, opanga magalimoto akuluakulu amagetsi ndi mabatire adalengeza ndalama zokwana $ 52 biliyoni pamagalimoto amagetsi ku North America, pomwe 50% idagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mabatire, pomwe zida za batri ndi magalimoto amagetsi zidakhala pafupifupi 20. mabiliyoni aku US. mabiliyoni aku US.%. Ponseponse, zolengeza za kampaniyi zidaphatikizanso kudzipereka koyambirira kuyika ndalama zamtsogolo zopanga mabatire aku US ndi magalimoto amagetsi, pafupifupi $ 7.5 biliyoni mpaka $ 108 biliyoni. Tesla, mwachitsanzo, akukonzekera kusuntha batire ya Gigafactory lithiamu-ion ku Berlin kupita ku Texas, komwe idzagwirizana ndi CATL ya China kuti apange magalimoto amagetsi a m'badwo wotsatira ku Mexico. Ford adalengezanso mgwirizano ndi Ningde Times kuti amange batire yaku Michigan ndipo akufuna kuwonjezera kupanga magalimoto amagetsi kasanu ndi kamodzi pofika kumapeto kwa 2023 poyerekeza ndi 2022, kufikira magalimoto 600,000 pachaka ndikuwonjezera kupanga mpaka magalimoto 2 miliyoni pakutha kwa 2022. . 2026. BMW ikukonzekera kukulitsa kupanga magalimoto amagetsi pafakitale yake yaku South Carolina pambuyo pa IRA. Volkswagen yasankha Canada ngati chomera chake choyamba cha batire kunja kwa Europe, chifukwa iyamba kugwira ntchito mu 2027, ndikuyika $ 2 biliyoni pafakitale ku South Carolina. Ngakhale kuti ndalamazi zikuyembekezeka kubweretsa kukula kwakukulu m'zaka zikubwerazi, zotsatira zake sizingamveke mpaka 2024, pomwe mbewuyo ipita pa intaneti.
M'kanthawi kochepa, IRA idachepetsa zofunikira kuti atenge nawo gawo pazogula, chifukwa magalimoto amayenera kupangidwa ku North America kuti athe kulandira thandizoli. Komabe, malonda a EV akhala amphamvu kuyambira Ogasiti 2022 ndipo miyezi ingapo yoyambirira ya 2023 sizikhala choncho, kugulitsa kwa EV kukwera 60% mgawo loyamba la 2023 poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi mu 2022, yomwe mwina idakhudzidwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa Januware. 2023 Kuchepetsa thandizo la Producer. Izi zikutanthauza kuti zitsanzo zochokera kwa atsogoleri amsika zitha kusangalala ndi kuchotsera pogula. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mndandanda wa zitsanzo zomwe zikuyenera kulandira thandizoli zikuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka.
Zizindikiro zoyamba za malonda m'gawo loyamba la 2023 zimasonyeza chiyembekezo, cholimbikitsidwa ndi mtengo wotsika komanso kuwonjezeka kwa ndale m'misika yaikulu monga US. Chifukwa chake, ndi magalimoto amagetsi opitilira 2.3 miliyoni omwe adagulitsidwa kale mchaka choyamba cha chaka chino, tikuyembekeza kuti kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi kufika pa 14 miliyoni mu 2023. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi mu 2023 kudzakula ndi 35% poyerekeza ndi 2022, ndipo Gawo lazogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi zamagalimoto amagetsi zikwera kuchoka pa 14% mu 2022 kufika pafupifupi 18%.
Kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi m'miyezi itatu yoyamba ya 2023 akuwonetsa zizindikiro za kukula kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi mu 2022. Ku US, magalimoto amagetsi oposa 320,000 adzagulitsidwa m'gawo loyamba la 2023, mpaka 60% kuyambira nthawi yomweyo. mu 2022. Nthawi yomweyo mu 2022. Pakali pano tikuyembekeza kuti kukula kumeneku kupitirire chaka chonse, ndi malonda a magalimoto amagetsi opitilira mayunitsi 1.5 miliyoni. mu 2023, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale gawo la 12% yazogulitsa zamagalimoto amagetsi ku US mu 2023.
Ku China, kugulitsa kwa EV kudayamba bwino mu 2023, pomwe kugulitsa kwa Januwale kudatsika ndi 8% kuyambira Januware 2022. Zambiri zomwe zikupezeka zikuwonetsa kuti malonda a EV akuchira mwachangu, kugulitsa kwa EV ku China kudakwera 20% mgawo loyamba la 2023 poyerekeza ndi woyamba. kotala la 2022, ndi ma EV opitilira 1.3 miliyoni olembetsedwa. Tikuyembekeza kuti mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa ma EV udzaposa mphamvu zothetsa ndalama zothandizira ma EV mpaka kumapeto kwa 2023. Zotsatira zake, panopa tikuyembekeza kuti malonda a EV ku China adzakula ndi 30% poyerekeza ndi 2022, kufika pafupifupi 8 miliyoni. mayunitsi pofika kumapeto kwa 2023, ndi gawo lazogulitsa zopitilira 35% (29% mu 2022).
Kukula kwa malonda a magalimoto amagetsi ku Europe akuyembekezeka kukhala otsika kwambiri pamisika itatuyi, motsogozedwa ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwa komanso zolinga zolimba za CO2 zomwe sizidzagwira ntchito mpaka 2025 koyambirira. M'gawo loyamba la 2023, malonda a galimoto yamagetsi ku Ulaya adzakula pafupifupi 10% poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi mu 2022. Tikuyembekeza kuti malonda a EV adzakula ndi 25% kwa chaka chonse, ndi imodzi mwa magalimoto anayi omwe amagulitsidwa ku Ulaya. kukhala magetsi.
Kunja kwa msika waukulu wa EV, malonda a EV akuyembekezeka kufika pafupifupi 900,000 mu 2023, mpaka 50% kuchokera ku 2022. Kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi ku India m'gawo loyamba la 2023 kuli kale kawiri kuposa nthawi yomweyi mu 2022. , koma kukula.
Zoonadi, pali zowopsa zomwe zingachitike mu 2023: kutsika kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi komanso kutha kwa China kuchoka ku thandizo la NEV kungachepetse kukula kwa malonda a magalimoto amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi mu 2023. Zabwino, misika yatsopano ikhoza kutsegulidwa kale kuposa momwe amayembekezera mosalekeza. mitengo yamafuta okwera imafunikira magalimoto amagetsi m'magawo ambiri. Zatsopano zandale, monga lingaliro la US Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Epulo 2023 loti akhwimitse miyezo yotulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha m'magalimoto, zitha kuwonetsa kukwera kwa malonda asanayambe kugwira ntchito.
Mpikisano wamagetsi ukuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto amagetsi omwe amapezeka pamsika. Mu 2022, kuchuluka kwa zosankha zomwe zilipo kudzafika pa 500, poyerekeza ndi zosakwana 450 mu 2021 komanso kupitilira kuwirikiza kawiri kwa 2018-2019. Monga zaka zam'mbuyomu, China ili ndi malo ochulukirapo kwambiri okhala ndi mitundu pafupifupi 300, kuwirikiza kawiri kuchuluka kwa 2018-2019 mliri wa Covid-19 usanachitike. Chiwerengerochi chikadali pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri ku Norway, Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, France ndi UK, zomwe aliyense ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi 150 yoti asankhe, kupitilira katatu kuchuluka kwa mliri usanachitike. Mitundu yochepera 100 ipezeka ku US mu 2022, koma kuwirikiza kawiri mliri usanachitike; ku Canada, Japan, ndi South Korea, 30 kapena kucheperapo akupezeka.
Zomwe zikuchitika mu 2022 zikuwonetsa kukhwima kwa msika wamagalimoto amagetsi ndipo zikuwonetsa kuti opanga ma automaker akuyankha kufunikira kwa ogula pamagalimoto amagetsi. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa ma EV omwe akupezeka akadali otsika kwambiri pamagalimoto amtundu wamba, omwe amakhala pamwamba pa 1,250 kuyambira 2010 ndikufika pachimake pa 1,500 pakati pazaka khumi zapitazi. Kugulitsa kwamitundu yama injini zoyatsira mkati kwatsika pang'onopang'ono m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndi CAGR ya -2% pakati pa 2016 ndi 2022, kufika pafupifupi mayunitsi 1,300 mu 2022. Kutsika uku kumasiyana m'misika yayikulu yamagalimoto ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri. Izi zikuwonekera makamaka ku China, komwe chiwerengero cha ICE chomwe chilipo mu 2022 ndi 8% chotsika kuposa 2016, poyerekeza ndi 3-4% ku US ndi Europe panthawi yomweyi. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa msika wamagalimoto komanso kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa makina akuluakulu opangira magalimoto kupita ku magalimoto amagetsi. M'tsogolomu, ngati opanga magalimoto akuyang'ana pa magetsi ndikupitiriza kugulitsa zitsanzo za ICE zomwe zilipo kale m'malo mowonjezera bajeti zachitukuko za zatsopano, chiwerengero chonse cha zitsanzo za ICE chikhoza kukhala chokhazikika, pamene chiwerengero cha mitundu yatsopano chidzachepa.
Kupezeka kwa mitundu yamagalimoto amagetsi kukukula mwachangu poyerekeza ndi mitundu ya injini zoyatsira mkati, ndi CAGR ya 30% mu 2016-2022. M'misika yomwe ikubwera, kukula kumeneku kuyenera kuyembekezeredwa chifukwa ambiri omwe abwera kumene amabweretsa zinthu zatsopano pamsika ndipo omwe ali ndi udindo amasiyanitsa magawo awo. Kukula kwakhala kotsika pang'ono m'zaka zaposachedwa, pafupifupi 25% pachaka mu 2021 ndi 15% mu 2022. Ziwerengero zachitsanzo zikuyembekezeka kupitiriza kukula mofulumira m'tsogolomu pamene opanga magalimoto akuluakulu akukulitsa ma EV portfolios awo ndi olowa atsopano amalimbikitsa kukhazikika kwawo, makamaka m'magulu omwe akutuluka. misika ndi mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene (EMDEs). Nambala ya mbiri yakale yamitundu ya ICE yomwe ilipo pamsika ikuwonetsa kuti zomwe zilipo tsopano za ma EV zitha kuwirikiza kawiri musanatsike.
Vuto lalikulu pamsika wamagalimoto wapadziko lonse lapansi (wokhala ndi magalimoto amagetsi ndi ma injini oyatsira mkati) ndikuwongolera kwakukulu kwa ma SUV ndi mitundu yayikulu pamsika pazosankha zotsika mtengo. Opanga magalimoto amatha kupeza ndalama zambiri kuchokera kumitundu yotere chifukwa cha kubweza kwapamwamba, komwe kungathe kuphimba gawo la ndalama zopangira magalimoto amagetsi. Nthawi zina, monga ku US, magalimoto akuluakulu amathanso kupindula ndi miyezo yotsika mtengo yamafuta, zomwe zimalimbikitsa opanga ma automaker kuti awonjezere kukula kwa galimoto kuti ayenerere kukhala magalimoto opepuka.
Komabe, zitsanzo zazikuluzikuluzi ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta zopezeka paliponse, makamaka m'misika yomwe ikubwera komanso mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene. Zitsanzo zazikuluzikulu zimakhalanso ndi zotsatira zokhazikika komanso zoperekera katundu pamene zimagwiritsa ntchito mabatire akuluakulu omwe amafunikira mchere wofunikira kwambiri. Mu 2022, kukula kwa batire yolemetsa yamagalimoto ang'onoang'ono amagetsi kuyambira 25 kWh ku China mpaka 35 kWh ku France, Germany ndi UK, komanso pafupifupi 60 kWh ku US. Poyerekeza, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapakati m'maikowa ndi pafupifupi 70-75 kWh pamagalimoto amagetsi amagetsi komanso 75-90 kWh pamamodeli akulu.
Mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwa galimoto, kusintha kuchoka pamainjini oyatsa kupita ku mphamvu yamagetsi ndikofunikira kwambiri pakukwaniritsa zomwe mukufuna kutulutsa ziro, koma kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa mabatire akuluakulu ndikofunikira. Pofika m'chaka cha 2022, ku France, Germany ndi UK, kulemera kwa malonda a SUVs amagetsi kudzakhala nthawi 1.5 kuposa magalimoto ang'onoang'ono amagetsi omwe amafunikira zitsulo zambiri, aluminiyamu ndi pulasitiki; kuwirikiza kawiri mabatire akunja kwa msewu omwe amafunikira pafupifupi 75% ya mchere wowonjezera. Mpweya wa CO2 wokhudzana ndi kasamalidwe ka zinthu, kupanga ndi kusonkhanitsa ukuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka ndi 70%.
Nthawi yomweyo, ma SUV amagetsi amatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta ndi migolo yopitilira 150,000 patsiku pofika 2022 ndikupewa kutulutsa mpweya komwe kumakhudzana ndi kuyaka kwamafuta m'mainjini oyatsira mkati. Ngakhale ma SUV amagetsi azikhala pafupifupi 35% ya magalimoto onse onyamula magetsi (PLDVs) pofika chaka cha 2022, gawo lawo lotulutsa mafuta lidzakhala lokwera kwambiri (pafupifupi 40%) chifukwa ma SUV amakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuposa magalimoto ang'onoang'ono. Zowonadi, magalimoto ang'onoang'ono amafuna mphamvu zochepa kuti azitha kuyendetsa komanso zida zochepa kuti apange, koma ma SUV amagetsi amakondabe magalimoto oyaka.
Pofika chaka cha 2022, ma ICE SUV azitulutsa kuposa 1 Gt ya CO2, kupitilira kutsika kwamafuta amagetsi amagetsi a 80 Mt chaka chino. Ngakhale kugulitsa kwa magalimoto onse kudzatsika ndi 0.5% mu 2022, malonda a SUV adzakula ndi 3% poyerekeza ndi 2021, zomwe zikuwerengera pafupifupi 45% yazogulitsa zonse zamagalimoto, ndikukula kwakukulu kuchokera ku US, India ndi Europe. Mwa magalimoto 1,300 a ICE omwe akupezeka pofika chaka cha 2022, opitilira 40% adzakhala ma SUV, poyerekeza ndi magalimoto ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati ndi ochepera 35%. Chiwerengero chonse cha zosankha za ICE chikuchepa kuyambira 2016 mpaka 2022, koma pamagalimoto ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati (kuchepa kwa 35%), pomwe kukuchulukirachulukira pamagalimoto akulu ndi ma SUV (kuwonjezeka kwa 10%).
Zomwezi zimachitikanso pamsika wamagalimoto amagetsi. Pafupifupi 16% ya ma SUV onse ogulitsidwa pofika chaka cha 2022 adzakhala ma EV, omwe amaposa gawo lonse la msika wa ma EV, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukonda kwa ogula ma SUV, kaya ndi magalimoto oyatsira mkati kapena magetsi. Pofika chaka cha 2022, pafupifupi 40% ya magalimoto onse amagetsi adzakhala ma SUV, ofanana ndi gawo limodzi la magalimoto ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati. Zoposa 15% zidagwera pagawo lamitundu ina yayikulu. Zaka zitatu zapitazo, mu 2019, mitundu yaying'ono ndi yapakatikati inali 60% yamitundu yonse yomwe ilipo, yokhala ndi ma SUV 30% okha.
Ku China ndi ku Europe, ma SUV ndi mitundu yayikulu ipanga 60 peresenti ya zomwe zasankhidwa za BEV pofika 2022, mogwirizana ndi avareji yapadziko lonse lapansi. Mosiyana ndi izi, ma SUV ndi mitundu yayikulu ya ICE imapanga pafupifupi 70 peresenti yamitundu ya ICE yomwe ikupezeka m'zigawozi, kutanthauza kuti ma EV pakadali pano akadali ang'onoang'ono kuposa anzawo a ICE. Mawu ochokera kwa opanga magalimoto akuluakulu ku Europe akuwonetsa kuti pakhoza kuwonjezeka kuyang'ana pamitundu yaying'ono koma yotchuka kwambiri m'zaka zikubwerazi. Mwachitsanzo, Volkswagen yalengeza kuti ikhazikitsa mtundu wocheperako wa €25,000 pamsika waku Europe pofika 2025 ndi sub-€ 20,000 compact model mu 2026-27 kuti ikope ogula ambiri. Ku US, zoposa 80% ya zosankha za BEV zomwe zilipo zidzakhala ma SUV kapena mitundu yayikulu pofika 2022, apamwamba kuposa gawo la 70% la ma SUV kapena mitundu yayikulu ya ICE. Kuyang'ana m'tsogolo, ngati chilengezo chaposachedwa chokulitsa zolimbikitsa za IRA ku ma SUV ambiri chikakwaniritsidwa, yembekezerani kuwona ma SUV amagetsi ambiri ku US. Pansi pa IRA, dipatimenti ya Treasury ku US inali kuwunikanso magawo a magalimoto ndipo mu 2023 idasintha njira zoyenereza kubwereketsa magalimoto oyera okhudzana ndi ma SUV ang'onoang'ono, omwe tsopano akuyenera ngati mtengo uli pansi pa $80,000 kuchokera pa kapu yapitayi. pa $55,000. .
Kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi ku China kwalimbikitsidwa ndi kupitirizabe kuthandizira ndale komanso kutsika kwamitengo yamalonda. Mu 2022, mtengo wolemetsa wamagalimoto ang'onoang'ono amagetsi ku China udzakhala wochepera $ 10,000, pansi pamlingo wopitilira $ 30,000 mchaka chomwechi pomwe mtengo wolemetsa wamagalimoto ang'onoang'ono amagetsi ku Europe ndi United States upitilira $30,000.
Ku China, magalimoto amagetsi ogulitsidwa kwambiri mu 2022 adzakhala Wuling Mini BEV, galimoto yaying'ono yotsika mtengo wa $ 6,500, ndi BYD Dolphin yaing'ono yotsika mtengo $16,000. Pamodzi, mitundu iwiriyi imakhala pafupifupi 15 peresenti ya kukula kwa China pakugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi onyamula anthu, kuwonetsa kufunikira kwa mitundu yaying'ono. Poyerekeza, magalimoto ang'onoang'ono amagetsi ogulitsidwa kwambiri ku France, Germany ndi UK - Fiat 500, Peugeot e-208 ndi Renault Zoe - amawononga $ 35,000. Magalimoto ang'onoang'ono amagetsi onse amagulitsidwa ku US, makamaka Chevrolet Bolt ndi Mini Cooper BEV, zomwe zimawononga pafupifupi $30,000. Tesla Model Y ndiye galimoto yonyamula anthu yogulitsidwa kwambiri ya BEV m'maiko ena aku Europe (yopitilira $65,000) ndi United States (yopitilira $10,000). 50,000).6
Opanga magalimoto aku China amayang'ana kwambiri kupanga mitundu yaying'ono, yotsika mtengo, patsogolo pa anzawo apadziko lonse lapansi, kuchepetsa ndalama pambuyo pazaka zambiri za mpikisano wapanyumba. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 2000, mazana a opanga magalimoto amagetsi ang'onoang'ono alowa pamsika, akupindula ndi mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana othandizira boma, kuphatikizapo zothandizira ndi zolimbikitsa kwa ogula ndi opanga. Ambiri mwa makampaniwa adathamangitsidwa pampikisano popeza ndalama zothandizidwa zidachotsedwa ndipo msika wakhala ukugwirizana ndi atsogoleri khumi ndi awiri omwe apanga bwino magalimoto amagetsi ang'onoang'ono komanso otsika mtengo pamsika waku China. Kuphatikizika kosunthika kwa batire ndi magalimoto amagetsi amagetsi, kuchokera ku mineral processing kupita ku mabatire ndi kupanga magalimoto amagetsi, komanso mwayi wopeza ntchito zotsika mtengo, kupanga ndi kupereka ndalama m'magulu onse akuyendetsanso chitukuko cha zitsanzo zotsika mtengo.
Pakadali pano, opanga ma automaker ku Europe ndi US - kaya opanga oyambilira ngati Tesla kapena osewera akulu omwe adakhalapo - mpaka pano ayang'ana kwambiri mitundu yayikulu, yapamwamba kwambiri, motero sapereka zochepa pamsika waukulu. Komabe, mitundu yaying'ono yomwe imapezeka m'maikowa nthawi zambiri imapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino kuposa aku China, monga kutalika kwakutali. Mu 2022, malonda olemera pafupifupi mtunda wa magalimoto ang'onoang'ono amagetsi ogulitsidwa ku US adzayandikira makilomita 350, pamene ku France, Germany ndi UK chiwerengerochi chidzakhala pansi pa makilomita 300, ndipo ku China chiwerengerochi ndi chochepa. pamtunda wa makilomita 220. M'magulu ena, kusiyana kwake kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Kutchuka kwa malo oyitanitsa anthu ku China kutha kufotokozera chifukwa chomwe ogula aku China amakonda kusankha zotsika kwambiri kuposa ogula aku Europe kapena America.
Tesla adadula mitengo pamitundu yake kawiri mu 2022 pomwe mpikisano ukukulirakulira ndipo opanga magalimoto ambiri alengeza zosankha zotsika mtengo kwazaka zingapo zikubwerazi. Ngakhale kuti zonenazi zikuyenera kufufuzidwanso, izi zitha kuwonetsa kuti kusiyana kwamitengo pakati pa magalimoto ang'onoang'ono amagetsi ndi magalimoto omwe alipo kale kumatha kutsekedwa pang'onopang'ono pakadutsa zaka khumi.
Pofika chaka cha 2022, misika itatu yayikulu yamagalimoto amagetsi - China, Europe ndi US - idzawerengera pafupifupi 95% yazogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi. Ma Market Emerging and Emerging Economies (EMDEs) kunja kwa China amangotenga gawo laling'ono la msika wamagalimoto amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi. Kufuna magalimoto amagetsi kwawonjezeka m'zaka zaposachedwa, koma malonda amakhalabe otsika.
Ngakhale kuti misika yomwe ikubwera ndi mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene nthawi zambiri amafulumira kutengera zipangizo zamakono zamakono monga mafoni a m'manja, makompyuta ndi zipangizo zolumikizidwa, magalimoto amagetsi amakhala okwera mtengo kwambiri kwa anthu ambiri. Malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwapa, anthu oposa 50 pa 100 alionse amene anafunsidwa ku Ghana angakonde kugula galimoto yamagetsi m’malo mogula galimoto ya injini yoyaka moto, koma oposa theka la anthu amene akufuna kugula galimotoyo sakufuna kuwononga ndalama zoposa $20,000 pogula galimoto yamagetsi. Chotchinga chingakhale kusowa kwa ndalama zodalirika komanso zotsika mtengo, komanso luso lochepa lothandizira, kukonza ndi kusamalira magalimoto amagetsi. M'mayiko ambiri omwe akutukuka kumene komanso omwe akutukuka kumene, mayendedwe apamsewu akadali okhazikika pamayankho ang'onoang'ono amayendedwe m'matawuni monga mawilo awiri ndi atatu, omwe akupita patsogolo kwambiri pakupanga magetsi komanso kuyenda limodzi kuti apambane maulendo am'madera kupita kuntchito. Makhalidwe ogula nawonso ndi osiyana, umwini wagalimoto wamba umakhala wotsika komanso kugula magalimoto ogwiritsidwa ntchito kofala kwambiri. Kuyang'ana m'tsogolo, pamene kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi (zonse zatsopano ndi zogwiritsidwa ntchito) m'mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene ndi mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene akuyembekezeka kukula, mayiko ambiri akuyenera kupitiriza kudalira kwambiri mawilo awiri ndi atatu. zikutanthauza (onani magalimoto mu lipoti ili).gawo) ).
Mu 2022, padzakhala kukwera kwakukulu kwa magalimoto amagetsi ku India, Thailand ndi Indonesia. Pamodzi, malonda a EV m'maikowa achulukitsa katatu kuyambira 2021 mpaka pafupifupi 80,000. Zogulitsa mu 2022 ndizokwera kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa mu 2019 mliri wa Covid-19 usanachitike. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, malonda m’misika ina imene akutuluka kumene ndi mayiko amene akutukuka kumene anali otsika.
Ku India, kugulitsa kwa EV kudzafika pafupifupi 50,000 mu 2022, kuwirikiza kanayi kuposa mu 2021, ndipo kugulitsa magalimoto onse kudzakula ndi 15% yokha. Tata yotsogola kwambiri yopanga zapakhomo ndi yoposa 85% yazogulitsa za BEV, pomwe kugulitsa kwa BEV yaying'ono ya Tigor/Tiago kuwirikiza kanayi. Kugulitsa magalimoto ophatikiza ma plug-in ku India akadali pafupi ndi ziro. Makampani opanga magalimoto amagetsi atsopano tsopano akubetcha pa Boma la Production Incentive Scheme (PLI), pulogalamu ya ndalama zokwana madola 2 biliyoni yomwe cholinga chake ndi kukulitsa kupanga magalimoto amagetsi ndi zida zawo. Pulogalamuyi yakopa ndalama zonse za US $ 8.3 biliyoni.
Komabe, msika waku India pakadali pano umayang'anabe kugawana komanso kuyenda pang'ono. Pofika 2022, 25% ya zogula za EV ku India zidzapangidwa ndi oyendetsa zombo ngati ma taxi. Kumayambiriro kwa 2023, Tata adalandira oda yayikulu kuchokera ku Uber yamagalimoto amagetsi 25,000. Komanso, pamene 55% ya mawilo atatu ogulitsidwa ndi magalimoto amagetsi, zosakwana 2% za magalimoto ogulitsidwa ndi magalimoto amagetsi. Ola, kampani yayikulu kwambiri yaku India yamagalimoto amagetsi ndi ndalama, sikupereka magalimoto amagetsi. Ola, yomwe m'malo mwake imayang'ana pakuyenda kochepa, ikufuna kuwirikiza mphamvu zake zamagetsi ziwiri zamawilo mpaka 2 miliyoni pofika kumapeto kwa 2023 ndikufikira mphamvu yapachaka ya 10 miliyoni pakati pa 2025 ndi 2028. Kampaniyo ikukonzekeranso kumanga batire ya lithiamu-ion chomera chokhala ndi mphamvu yoyamba ya 5 GWh, ndikukula kwa 100 GWh ndi 2030. Ola akukonzekera kuyamba kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi pabizinesi yake yama taxi pofika 2024 ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zama taxi ake pofika chaka cha 2029, ndikuyambitsa bizinesi yakeyake yamagalimoto amagetsi amagetsi. Kampaniyo yalengeza kuti idzagulitsa ndalama zoposa $ 900 miliyoni popanga mabatire ndi magalimoto amagetsi kum'mwera kwa India ndipo yawonjezera kupanga pachaka kuchokera ku 100,000 mpaka magalimoto a 140,000.
Ku Thailand, kugulitsa kwa EV kuwirikiza kawiri mpaka mayunitsi 21,000, ndikugulitsa kumagawika bwino pakati pa magalimoto amagetsi amagetsi ndi ma hybrids ophatikizika. Kukula kwa kuchuluka kwa opanga magalimoto aku China kwathandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa magalimoto amagetsi mdziko muno. Mu 2021, Great Wall Motors, wopanga injini yayikulu yaku China (OEM), adayambitsa Euler Haomao BEV pamsika waku Thailand, yomwe idzakhala galimoto yamagetsi yogulitsidwa kwambiri ku Thailand mu 2022 ndikugulitsa pafupifupi mayunitsi 4,000. Magalimoto achiwiri ndi achitatu omwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi magalimoto aku China opangidwa ndi Shanghai Automotive Industry (SAIC), omwe palibe omwe adagulitsidwa ku Thailand mu 2020. adalowa mumsika waku Thailand, monga BMW ndi Mercedes, motero amakopa ogula ambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, boma la Thailand limapereka ndalama zosiyanasiyana zolimbikitsira magalimoto amagetsi, kuphatikiza ndalama zothandizira, kuchotsera misonkho, komanso kuthandizira misonkho yochokera kunja, zomwe zingathandize kukulitsa kukopa kwa magalimoto amagetsi. Tesla akukonzekera kulowa mumsika waku Thailand mu 2023 ndikulowa mukupanga ma supercharger.
Ku Indonesia, kugulitsa magalimoto amagetsi amagetsi kunakwera nthawi zopitilira 14 mpaka mayunitsi opitilira 10,000, pomwe kugulitsa kwa ma hybrids ophatikizika kunakhalabe pafupi ndi ziro. Mu Marichi 2023, Indonesia idalengeza zolimbikitsa zatsopano zothandizira kugulitsa mawilo awiri amagetsi, magalimoto ndi mabasi, zomwe cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa mphamvu zamagalimoto apanyumba ndi mabatire amagetsi kudzera pazigawo zakomweko. Boma likukonzekera kupereka ndalama zogulitsa za 200,000 zamagalimoto amagetsi awiri ndi magalimoto amagetsi a 36,000 pofika 2023 ndi magawo a malonda a 4 peresenti ndi 5 peresenti, motsatira. Chithandizo chatsopanochi chikhoza kuchepetsa mitengo ya mawilo awiri amagetsi ndi 25-50% kuti awathandize kupikisana ndi anzawo a ICE. Dziko la Indonesia limagwira ntchito yofunikira kwambiri pamagalimoto amagetsi ndi mabatire, makamaka chifukwa chokhala ndi mchere wambiri komanso kuti ndi dziko lomwe limapanga faifi tambala padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zakopa ndalama kuchokera kumakampani apadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo Indonesia ikhoza kukhala malo akulu kwambiri m'derali popanga mabatire ndi zida.
Kupezeka kwachitsanzo kumakhalabe kovuta m'misika yomwe ikubwera komanso mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene, ndipo mitundu yambiri imagulitsidwa makamaka kumagulu apamwamba monga ma SUV ndi mitundu yayikulu yapamwamba. Ngakhale kuti ma SUV ndi omwe akuchitika padziko lonse lapansi, mphamvu zochepa zogulira m'misika yomwe ikubwera komanso mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene zimapangitsa magalimoto otere kukhala osatheka kugula. M'magawo osiyanasiyana omwe afotokozedwa mu gawo ili la lipotili, pali msika wopitilira 60 womwe ukukwera ndi mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene, kuphatikiza omwe amathandizidwa ndi Global Electric Facility's (GEF) Global Electric Mobility Program, komwe kuchuluka kwa magalimoto akuluakulu omwe alipo. ndalama pofika 2022 zidzakhala zowirikiza kawiri mpaka kasanu ndi kawiri kuposa mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono.
Ku Africa, galimoto yamagetsi yogulitsidwa kwambiri mu 2022 idzakhala Hyundai Kona (yopanda magetsi yoyera), pomwe Taycan BEV yayikulu komanso yokwera mtengo ya Porsche ili ndi mbiri yogulitsa pafupifupi yofanana ndi Nissan's midsize Leaf BEV. Ma SUV amagetsi amagulitsanso kuwirikiza kasanu ndi katatu kuposa magalimoto ang'onoang'ono amagetsi omwe amagulitsidwa kwambiri kuphatikiza: Mini Cooper SE BEV ndi Renault Zoe BEV. Ku India, mtundu wa EV wogulitsidwa kwambiri ndi Tata Nexon BEV crossover, yomwe idagulitsidwa mayunitsi opitilira 32,000, kuwirikiza katatu kuposa mtundu wina wogulitsidwa kwambiri, Tigor/Tiago BEV ya Tata yaing'ono. M'misika yonse yomwe ikubwera ndi mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene, malonda a SUVs amagetsi anafika ku 45,000 mayunitsi, kuposa malonda ang'onoang'ono (23,000) ndi apakatikati (16,000) magalimoto amagetsi pamodzi. Ku Costa Rica, yomwe ili ndi malonda akuluakulu a EV ku Latin America, mitundu inayi yokha mwa 20 yomwe ili ndi ma SUV omwe si a SUV, ndipo pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu ndi apamwamba kwambiri. Tsogolo lamagetsi ambiri m'misika yomwe ikubwera ndi mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene zimadalira kukula kwa magalimoto amagetsi ang'onoang'ono komanso okwera mtengo, komanso mawilo awiri ndi atatu.
Kusiyanitsa kofunikira pakuwunika kukula kwa msika wamagalimoto ndikusiyana pakati pa kulembetsa ndi kugulitsa. Kulembetsa kwatsopano kumatanthauza kuchuluka kwa magalimoto olembetsedwa ndi madipatimenti aboma kapena mabungwe a inshuwaransi kwa nthawi yoyamba, kuphatikiza magalimoto apakhomo ndi ochokera kunja. Kuchuluka kwa malonda kungatanthauze magalimoto ogulitsidwa ndi ogulitsa kapena ogulitsa (malonda ogulitsa), kapena magalimoto ogulitsidwa ndi opanga magalimoto kwa ogulitsa (ntchito zakale, mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza zotumiza kunja). Pofufuza msika wamagalimoto, kusankha zizindikiro kungakhale kofunika kwambiri. Kuwonetsetsa kuti ma account anthawi zonse m'maiko onse ndikupewa kuwerengera kawiri padziko lonse lapansi, kukula kwa msika wamagalimoto omwe ali mu lipotili kutengera kulembetsa kwa magalimoto atsopano (ngati alipo) komanso kugulitsa malonda, osati kutumizidwa kufakitale.
Kufunika kwa izi kukuwonetsedwa bwino ndi momwe msika wamagalimoto aku China mu 2022. Mafakitole (omwe amawerengedwa ngati kuchuluka kwa malonda) pamsika wamagalimoto aku China akuti akukula ndi 7% mpaka 10% mu 2022, pomwe kulembetsa kwamakampani a inshuwaransi kukuwonetsa msika waulesi wakunyumba mchaka chomwecho. Kuwonjezekaku kudawoneka muzambiri zochokera ku China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM), gwero lovomerezeka lamakampani opanga magalimoto ku China. Zambiri za CAAM zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kwa opanga magalimoto ndikuyimira zoperekedwa kufakitale. Chinanso chomwe chimatchulidwa kwambiri ndi China Passenger Car Association (CPCA), bungwe lomwe si la boma lomwe limagulitsa magalimoto ambiri, kugulitsa, ndi kutumiza kunja, koma silinaloledwe kupereka ziwerengero zadziko lonse ndipo silimaphimba ma OEM onse, pomwe CAAM imatero. . China Automotive Technology and Research Center (CATARC), thanki yoganiza bwino zaboma, imasonkhanitsa deta yopangira magalimoto kutengera manambala ozindikiritsa magalimoto ndi manambala ogulitsa magalimoto kutengera zomwe zidalembetsa inshuwaransi yagalimoto. Ku China, inshuwaransi yagalimoto imaperekedwa kwa galimotoyo yokha, osati ya dalaivala payekha, kotero ndizothandiza pakusunga kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamsewu, kuphatikiza omwe amachokera kunja. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa data ya CATARC ndi magwero ena kumakhudzana ndi zida zankhondo zotumizidwa kunja ndi zosalembetsa kapena zida zina, komanso masheya a opanga magalimoto.
Kukula kwachangu kwa magalimoto onyamula anthu kunja kwa 2022 kumapangitsa kuti kusiyana pakati pa ma data awa kumveke bwino. Mu 2022, kutumiza kwa magalimoto onyamula anthu kudzakwera pafupifupi 60% kufika pa mayunitsi opitilira 2.5 miliyoni, pomwe magalimoto onyamula anthu adzatsika ndi pafupifupi 20% (kuchokera pa 950,000 mpaka 770,000 mayunitsi).