Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bigenda - Iteganyagihe ry'amashanyarazi ku isi 2023

IEA (2023), Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi ku isi 2023, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2023, Uruhushya: CC BY 4.0
N’ubwo ihungabana ry’ibicuruzwa, ubukungu bwa macroeconomic na geopolitike, hamwe n’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa n’ingufu nyinshi, kugurisha ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi1 bizagera ku bindi bihe byose mu 2022. Ubwiyongere bw’igurisha ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi buje buturuka ku isoko ry’imodoka zigabanuka ku isi: imodoka zose kugurisha muri 2022 bizaba munsi ya 3% ugereranije no muri 2021.Ibicuruzwa byamashanyarazi, harimo ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (BEVs) n’ibinyabiziga bivangavanze (PHEVs), byarengeje miliyoni 10 umwaka ushize, byiyongeraho 55% kuva 2021.2. Iyi mibare - miliyoni 10 z’amashanyarazi yagurishijwe ku isi - irenga umubare rusange w’imodoka zagurishijwe mu bihugu byose by’Uburayi (hafi miliyoni 9.5) kandi hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’imodoka zose zagurishijwe mu Burayi. Igurishwa ry’imodoka mu Bushinwa mu 2022. Mu myaka itanu gusa, kuva 2017 kugeza 2022, kugurisha imodoka z’amashanyarazi byavuye kuri miliyoni imwe bigera kuri miliyoni 10. Byatwaye imyaka itanu, kuva 2012 kugeza 2017, kugirango igurishwa rya EV rive ku 100.000 rigere kuri miliyoni 1, ryerekana imiterere yerekana iterambere rya EV. Umugabane wibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi mugurisha ibinyabiziga byose byavuye kuri 9% muri 2021 bigera kuri 14% muri 2022, bikubye inshuro zirenga 10 umugabane wabo muri 2017.
Ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa buzazana umubare rusange w’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi ku mihanda y’isi kugera kuri miliyoni 26, bikiyongeraho 60% kuva mu 2021, hamwe n’imodoka zifite amashanyarazi zitanduye zirenga 70% by’ubwiyongere bw’umwaka, nko mu myaka yashize. Kubera iyo mpamvu, mu 2022, hafi 70% y’amashanyarazi y’ibinyabiziga ku isi azaba ari ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi gusa. Mu buryo bwuzuye, ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa hagati ya 2021 na 2022 buzaba hejuru nko hagati ya 2020 na 2021 - kwiyongera kwimodoka miliyoni 3.5 - ariko ubwiyongere bugereranije buri hasi (kugurisha bizikuba kabiri hagati ya 2020 na 2021). Iterambere ridasanzwe mu 2021 rishobora guterwa nisoko ryimodoka yamashanyarazi ifata nyuma yicyorezo cya coronavirus (Covid-19). Ugereranije n’imyaka yashize, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’imodoka zagurishijwe mu mwaka wa 2022 urasa n’ikigereranyo cy’ubwiyongere bw’ikigereranyo cyo mu mwaka wa 2015-2018, kandi umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere bw’imodoka ku isi mu 2022 urasa n’ubwiyongere mu 2021 ndetse no hanze yarwo. Mu gihe cya 2015-2018. Isoko ryimodoka yamashanyarazi iragaruka byihuse kumuvuduko wibyorezo.
Ubwiyongere mu kugurisha EV bwatandukanijwe n'uturere na powertrain, ariko byakomeje kwiganza na Repubulika y'Ubushinwa (“Ubushinwa”). Mu 2022, kugurisha ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa biziyongera 60% ugereranije na 2021 bigere kuri miliyoni 4.4, naho kugurisha ibinyabiziga bivangavanze bizikuba hafi inshuro eshatu kugera kuri miliyoni 1.5. Iterambere ryihuse ry’igurisha rya PHEV ugereranije na BEV rikwiye gukomeza kwiga mu myaka iri imbere kuko kugurisha kwa PHEV bikomeje kuba intege nke muri rusange kandi ubu birashoboka ko bizagera kuri nyuma ya Covid-19; Ibicuruzwa bya EV byikubye gatatu kuva 2020 kugeza 2021.Nubwo kugurisha imodoka muri 2022 byagabanutseho 3% kuva 2021, kugurisha EV biracyiyongera.
Ubushinwa bugera kuri 60% byimodoka nshya ziyandikisha mumashanyarazi kwisi. Mu 2022, ku nshuro ya mbere, Ubushinwa buzaba bufite ibice birenga 50% by’imodoka zose z’amashanyarazi ku mihanda y’isi, zizaba zingana na miliyoni 13.8. Iri terambere rikomeye nigisubizo cyimyaka irenga icumi yo gushyigikira politiki ikomeje kubatangira hakiri kare, harimo no kongerwa kugeza mu mpera za 2022 zo gushimangira ibicuruzwa byari biteganijwe ko bizarangira muri 2020 kubera Covid-19, hiyongereyeho ibyifuzo nko Kwishyuza Ibikorwa Remezo. Kwihuta mu Bushinwa na politiki ihamye yo kwiyandikisha ku binyabiziga bidafite amashanyarazi.
Umugabane w’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu kugurisha imodoka zose ku isoko ry’imbere mu Bushinwa uzagera kuri 29% mu 2022, uva kuri 16% mu 2021 na munsi ya 6% hagati ya 2018 na 2020. Gutyo rero, Ubushinwa bwageze ku ntego y’igihugu yo kugera ku mugabane wa 20% kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi muri 2025 - Hamagara Imodoka Nshya (NEV) 3 mbere. Ibipimo byose byerekana ko iterambere ryiyongera: nubwo Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu Bushinwa (MIIT) ishinzwe inganda z’imodoka, itaravugurura intego zayo zo kugurisha NEV ku rwego rw’igihugu, intego yo gukomeza gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mu muhanda yemejwe umwaka utaha. 2019. Inyandiko nyinshi zingenzi. Ubushinwa bufite intego yo kugera ku migabane ya 50 ku ijana by’ibicuruzwa byitwa “ahantu h’ingenzi hagabanywa ihumana ry’ikirere” n’umugabane wa 40 ku ijana by’igurishwa mu gihugu hose mu 2030 kugira ngo bishyigikire gahunda y’ibikorwa by’igihugu cyo kurwanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere. Niba isoko rya vuba rikomeje, intego y'Ubushinwa 2030 irashobora kugerwaho vuba. Guverinoma z'Intara nazo zishyigikira ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya NEV, kandi kugeza ubu intara 18 zishyizeho intego za NEV.
Inkunga y'akarere mu Bushinwa nayo yafashije guteza imbere bamwe mu bakora ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi ku isi. Icyicaro gikuru i Shenzhen, BYD itanga amabisi menshi y’amashanyarazi n’umujyi wa tagisi, kandi ubuyobozi bwayo bugaragarira no mu cyifuzo cya Shenzhen cyo kugera ku kigereranyo cya 60% cy’imodoka nshya z’ingufu mu 2025. Guangzhou ifite intego yo kugera kuri 50% by’imodoka nshya zifite ingufu. kugurisha muri 2025, bifasha Xpeng Motors kwaguka no kuba umwe mubayobozi mumodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mugihugu.
Kugeza ubu ntiharamenyekana niba umugabane w’Ubushinwa mu kugurisha EV uzakomeza kuba hejuru y’intego ya 20% mu 2023, kubera ko ibicuruzwa bishobora kuba bikomeye cyane kuko biteganijwe ko ibitera imbaraga bizarangira mu mpera za 2022. Ibicuruzwa muri Mutarama 2023 byagabanutse cyane, nubwo ibi byatewe ahanini nigihe cyumwaka mushya wukwezi, kandi ugereranije na Mutarama 2022, byagabanutseho hafi 10%. Nyamara, muri Gashyantare na Werurwe 2023, igurishwa rya EV rizakomeza kwiyongera, hejuru ya 60% ugereranije no muri Gashyantare 2022 naho hejuru ya 25% ugereranije no muri Gashyantare 2022. 2023 hejuru ya 20% hejuru yigihembwe cya mbere cya 2022.
Mu Burayi4, kugurisha ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi mu 2022 biziyongera hejuru ya 15% ugereranije na 2021, bigere kuri miliyoni 2.7. Ubwiyongere bw’igurisha bwihuse mu myaka yashize, aho ubwiyongere bw’umwaka buri hejuru ya 65% muri 2021 naho ikigereranyo cyo kwiyongera cya 40% muri 2017-2019. Muri 2022, kugurisha BEV biziyongera 30% ugereranije na 2021 (byiyongereyeho 65% muri 2021 ugereranije na 2020), mugihe ibicuruzwa bivangwa n’ibicuruzwa bizagabanukaho hafi 3%. Uburayi bwagize 10% by’iterambere ry’isi mu kugurisha ibinyabiziga bishya by’amashanyarazi. Nubwo iterambere ryadindije mu 2022, kugurisha ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi mu Burayi biracyiyongera mu gihe hakomeje kugabanuka ku isoko ry’imodoka, aho imodoka zagurishijwe mu Burayi mu 2022 zagabanutseho 3% ugereranije na 2021.
Kugabanuka kw’Uburayi ugereranije n’imyaka yashize igice kigaragaza ubwiyongere budasanzwe bw’imodoka z’amashanyarazi z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi muri 2020 na 2021 kuko abayikora bahindura vuba ingamba z’amasosiyete kugira ngo bubahirize ibipimo by’imyuka ihumanya ikirere muri 2019. Ibipimo bikubiyemo igihe cya 2020-2024, hamwe na EU- ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bigenda bikomera kuva 2025 na 2030.
Ibiciro byingufu nyinshi muri 2022 bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kumarushanwa yimodoka zamashanyarazi hamwe na moteri yaka imbere (ICE). Ibiciro bya lisansi na mazutu ku binyabiziga bitwika imbere byazamutse cyane, ariko rimwe na rimwe, amafaranga y’amashanyarazi yo guturamo (ajyanye no kwishyuza) nayo yazamutse. Ibiciro by'amashanyarazi na gaze biri hejuru nabyo bizamura igiciro cyo gukora moteri yaka imbere n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, kandi bamwe mu bakora amamodoka bemeza ko ibiciro by’ingufu nyinshi bishobora kugabanya ishoramari ry’ejo hazaza mu bushobozi bushya bwa batiri.
Kugeza mu 2022, Uburayi buzakomeza kuba isoko rya kabiri ku isi nyuma y’Ubushinwa, bingana na 25% by’igurisha rya EV hamwe na 30% by’abatunze isi. Umugabane wo kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi uzagera kuri 21% ugereranije na 18% muri 2021, 10% muri 2020 na munsi ya 3% muri 2019. Ibihugu byu Burayi bikomeje kuza ku isonga mu mugabane w’ibicuruzwa bya EV, Noruveje ikaza ku isonga na 88%, Suwede ifite 54%, Ubuholandi na 35%, Ubudage na 31%, Ubwongereza bufite 23% n’Ubufaransa na 21% muri 2022. Ubudage nisoko rinini mu Burayi ku bicuruzwa byagurishijwe, aho ryagurishijwe 830.000 mu 2022, rikurikirwa n’Ubwongereza hamwe 370.000 n'Ubufaransa hamwe 330.000. Igurishwa muri Espagne naryo ryarenze 80.000. Umugabane w’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi mu kugurisha ibinyabiziga byose mu Budage byiyongereyeho inshuro icumi ugereranije na mbere ya Covid-19, bitewe n’uko hiyongereyeho inkunga nyuma y’icyorezo nko kugura Umweltbonus, ndetse no kugurisha mbere biteganijwe kuva 2023 kugeza 2022. Gutangira uyu mwaka, inkunga zizakomeza kugabanuka. Nyamara, mu Butaliyani, igurishwa rya EV ryaragabanutse riva ku 140.000 muri 2021 rigera ku 115.000 muri 2022, mu gihe Otirishiya, Danemarke na Finlande na byo byagabanutse cyangwa bihagaze.
Biteganijwe ko kugurisha i Burayi bizakomeza kwiyongera, cyane cyane nyuma y’impinduka za politiki ziherutse muri gahunda ya Fit ya 55. Amategeko mashya yashyizeho ibipimo bikaze byangiza imyuka ya CO2 mu 2030-2034 kandi bigamije kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ya CO2 iva mu modoka nshya no mu modoka 100% kuva 2035 ugereranije n’urwego 2021. Mu gihe gito, inkunga zikorwa hagati ya 2025 na 2029 zizahemba abayikora bagera ku kigero cya 25% yo kugurisha ibinyabiziga (17% kuri vans) kumodoka zeru cyangwa nkeya. Mu mezi abiri ya mbere ya 2023, kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byiyongereyeho hejuru ya 30% umwaka ushize, mugihe ibicuruzwa byose byagurishijwe byiyongereyeho hejuru ya 10% umwaka ushize.
Muri Amerika, kugurisha EV biziyongera 55% muri 2022 ugereranije na 2021, hamwe na EV yonyine niyo iyoboye inzira. Igurishwa ry’imodoka ry’amashanyarazi ryazamutseho 70% rigera kuri 800.000, bikaba bibaye umwaka wa kabiri w’iterambere rikomeye nyuma yo kugabanuka kwa 2019-2020. Amacomeka ya Hybrid nayo yagurishijwe, nubwo 15% gusa. Ubwiyongere mu kugurisha ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi muri Amerika birakomeye cyane dore ko kugurisha ibinyabiziga muri 2022 byagabanutseho 8% kuva 2021, hejuru yikigereranyo cya -3%. Muri rusange, Amerika yagize 10 ku ijana by'izamuka ry’ibicuruzwa ku isi. Umubare w'imodoka zose z'amashanyarazi uzagera kuri miliyoni 3, ni ukuvuga 40% ugereranije no mu 2021, uzaba 10% by'imodoka zose zikoresha amashanyarazi ku isi. Imodoka z'amashanyarazi zagize hafi 8% y'ibicuruzwa byose byagurishijwe, bivuye kuri hejuru ya 5% gusa muri 2021 na 2% hagati ya 2018 na 2020.
Ibintu byinshi bigira uruhare mu kongera ibicuruzwa muri Amerika. Moderi zihendutse zirenze izatanzwe numuyobozi wamateka Tesla zishobora gufasha kuziba icyuho. Hamwe n’amasosiyete akomeye nka Tesla na General Motors yakubise hejuru y’inkunga mu myaka yashize ku nkunga ya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, andi masosiyete yatangije imideli mishya bivuze ko abakiriya benshi bashobora kungukirwa n’amadolari agera ku 7.500 mu rwego rwo guhaha. AAA ivuga ko mu gihe guverinoma n’ubucuruzi bigenda bigana amashanyarazi, ubumenyi buragenda bwiyongera: mu 2022, Umunyamerika umwe kuri bane yiteze ko imodoka yabo itaha izaba amashanyarazi, nk'uko AAA ibitangaza. Nubwo kwishyuza ibikorwa remezo nintera yingendo byateye imbere mumyaka yashize, biracyari ikibazo gikomeye kubashoferi bo muri Amerika, urebye intera ndende muri rusange, kwinjira cyane, hamwe no kubona ubundi buryo nka gari ya moshi. Icyakora, mu 2021, itegeko ry’ibikorwa remezo by’ibice bibiri ryongereye inkunga mu kwishyuza ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi mu gutanga miliyari 5 z’amadolari y’Amerika muri rusange hagati ya 2022 na 2026 binyuze muri gahunda y’igihugu y’ibikorwa remezo by’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi no kwemeza gahunda y’ibikorwa remezo by’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi mu gutanga miliyari 2,5 z’amadolari y’Amerika muri uburyo bwo gutanga inkunga. Kwishyuza Ubushishozi no Kongera Amavuta Gahunda y'Ibikorwa Remezo.
Kwihuta mu kuzamura ibicuruzwa birashoboka ko bizakomeza muri 2023 ndetse no hanze yarwo, bitewe na politiki nshya yo gushyigikira (reba Outlook Outlook Outlook). Itegeko ryo kugabanya ifaranga (IRA) ryateje isi yose amasosiyete y’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi kwagura ibikorwa by’inganda muri Amerika. Hagati ya Kanama 2022 na Werurwe 2023, ibinyabiziga bikomeye by’amashanyarazi n’abakora batiri byatangaje ko hashyizwe hamwe miliyari 52 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu rwego rwo gutanga ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi muri Amerika ya Ruguru, muri byo 50% bikaba byarakoreshejwe mu gukora bateri, mu gihe ibice bya batiri n’ibicuruzwa by’amashanyarazi bigera kuri 20 miliyari y'amadorari y'Amerika. miliyari y'amadorari y'Amerika.%. Muri rusange, mu itangazo ry’isosiyete harimo kwiyemeza gushora imari mu gihe kizaza cya batiri yo muri Amerika n’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi, yose hamwe agera kuri miliyari 7.5 kugeza kuri miliyari 108. Urugero, Tesla irateganya kwimura uruganda rwa batiri rwa Gigafactory lithium-ion i Berlin i Texas, aho izafatanya na CATL yo mu Bushinwa gukora imodoka zikomoka ku mashanyarazi zizakurikiraho muri Mexico. Ford yatangaje kandi ko yagiranye amasezerano na Ningde Times yo kubaka uruganda rukora batiri rwa Michigan kandi ruteganya kongera umusaruro w'amashanyarazi inshuro esheshatu mu mpera za 2023 ugereranije na 2022, rukagera ku modoka 600.000 ku mwaka ndetse no kongera umusaruro ugera kuri miliyoni 2 mu mpera za 2022 y'umwaka. 2026. BMW irateganya kwagura umusaruro w’amashanyarazi ku ruganda rwayo rwa Carolina yepfo nyuma ya IRA. Volkswagen yahisemo Kanada ku ruganda rwa mbere rwa batiri hanze y’Uburayi, kubera gutangira imirimo mu 2027, ikaba ishora miliyari 2 z'amadolari mu ruganda rwo muri Caroline y'Amajyepfo. Mugihe biteganijwe ko ishoramari rizatera imbere cyane mumyaka iri imbere, ingaruka zazo zose ntizishobora kugaragara kugeza 2024, igihe uruganda rujya kumurongo.
Mu gihe gito, IRA yagabanije ibisabwa kugira uruhare mu nyungu z’ubuguzi, kubera ko imodoka zigomba gukorwa muri Amerika ya Ruguru kugira ngo zemererwe inkunga. Nyamara, kugurisha kwa EV kwakomeje gukomera kuva muri Kanama 2022 kandi amezi make ya mbere ya 2023 ntazaboneka, aho kugurisha kwa EV kwiyongereyeho 60% mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2023 ugereranije n’icyo gihe cyo muri 2022, bikaba bishoboka ko byatewe n’iseswa rya Mutarama 2023 Kugabanya inkunga ya ba producer. Ibi bivuze ko icyitegererezo cyabayobozi bamasoko bashobora kwishimira kugabanywa mugihe uguze. Mu gihe kirekire, urutonde rwicyitegererezo cyemerewe inkunga ruteganijwe kwaguka.
Ibimenyetso bya mbere byagurishijwe mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2023 byerekana icyizere, bishimangirwa n’ibiciro biri hasi ndetse no kongera inkunga ya politiki ku masoko akomeye nka Amerika. Noneho, hamwe n’imodoka zirenga miliyoni 2.3 zimaze kugurishwa mugihembwe cyambere cyuyu mwaka, turateganya ko kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bizagera kuri miliyoni 14 muri 2023. Ibi bivuze ko kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi muri 2023 biziyongera 35% ugereranije na 2022, na umugabane wo kugurisha ku isi ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi uziyongera uva kuri 14% muri 2022 ugera kuri 18%.
Kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi mumezi atatu yambere ya 2023 birerekana ibimenyetso byiterambere rikomeye ugereranije nigihe kimwe cyo muri 2022. Muri Amerika, imodoka zirenga 320.000 zizagurishwa mugihembwe cya mbere cya 2023, ziyongereyeho 60% mugihe kimwe Muri 2022. Igihe kimwe muri 2022.Turateganya ko iri terambere rizakomeza umwaka wose, aho kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi birenga miliyoni 1.5 muri 2023, bigatuma imigabane igera kuri 12% yo kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi muri Amerika muri 2023.
Mu Bushinwa, kugurisha kwa EV byatangiye nabi mu 2023, aho Mutarama yagurishijwe 8% guhera muri Mutarama 2022.Imibare iheruka kuboneka yerekana ko igurishwa rya EV rigenda ryiyongera vuba, mu gihe igurishwa rya EV ry’Ubushinwa ryiyongereyeho 20% mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2023 ugereranije n’icya mbere gihembwe cya 2022, hamwe na EV zirenga miliyoni 1.3. Turateganya ko muri rusange imiterere y’ibiciro kuri EVS iruta ingaruka ziterwa no gukuraho inkunga ya EV kugeza mu mpera za 2023. Kubera iyo mpamvu, kuri ubu turateganya ko igurishwa rya EV mu Bushinwa ryiyongera hejuru ya 30% ugereranije na 2022, rikagera kuri miliyoni 8 ibice bitarenze impera za 2023, umugabane wo kugurisha urenga 35% (29% muri 2022).
Ubwiyongere bw’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu Burayi biteganijwe ko aribwo bwo hasi cyane ku masoko atatu, bitewe n’imigendekere ya vuba hamwe n’intego zikomeye z’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bitazatangira gukurikizwa kugeza mu 2025 hakiri kare. Mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2023, kugurisha ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi mu Burayi biziyongera hafi 10% ugereranije n’icyo gihe cyo mu 2022.Turateganya ko igurishwa rya EV ryiyongera hejuru ya 25% mu mwaka wose, hamwe n’imodoka imwe kuri enye yagurishijwe mu Burayi. kuba amashanyarazi.
Hanze y’isoko rusange ry’isoko rya EV, biteganijwe ko kugurisha EV bizagera ku 900.000 muri 2023, bikiyongeraho 50% guhera mu 2022. Igurishwa ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu Buhinde mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2023 rimaze kuba ryikubye kabiri nko mu gihe kimwe cyo mu 2022. , ariko biracyakura.
Birumvikana ko hari ingaruka mbi ku cyerekezo cya 2023: ubukungu bwifashe nabi ku isi ndetse n’Ubushinwa buva mu nkunga ya NEV bushobora kugabanya iterambere ry’igurisha ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ku isi mu 2023. Ku ruhande rwiza, amasoko mashya ashobora gufungura hakiri kare nk'uko byari byitezwe nk'uko bikomeje. ibiciro bya lisansi ikenera ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi mu turere twinshi. Iterambere rishya rya politiki, nk’ikigo cya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA) Mata 2023 icyifuzo cyo gukaza umurego imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku binyabiziga, bishobora kwerekana ko izamuka ry’ibicuruzwa mbere yuko ritangira gukurikizwa.
Irushanwa ryo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi ryongera umubare wimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ziboneka ku isoko. Muri 2022, umubare wamahitamo aboneka azagera kuri 500, ugereranije na 450 muri 2021 ndetse arenze kabiri ayo muri 2018-2019. Nko mu myaka yashize, Ubushinwa bufite ibicuruzwa byagutse cyane bifite moderi zigera kuri 300 ziboneka, bikubye kabiri umubare wa 2018-2019 mbere y’icyorezo cya Covid-19. Uyu mubare uracyakubye hafi kabiri Noruveje, Ubuholandi, Ubudage, Suwede, Ubufaransa n'Ubwongereza, buri kimwe gifite icyitegererezo kigera ku 150 cyo guhitamo, bikubye inshuro zirenga eshatu imibare yabanjirije icyorezo. Moderi zirenga 100 zizaboneka muri Amerika muri 2022, ariko zikubye kabiri nka mbere icyorezo; muri Kanada, Ubuyapani, na Koreya yepfo, 30 cyangwa munsi irahari.
Imigendekere ya 2022 yerekana gukura kwisoko ryimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi kandi byerekana ko abakora ibinyabiziga bitabira kwiyongera kubaguzi bakeneye ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Nyamara, umubare wimodoka ya EV iboneka iracyari munsi yimodoka zisanzwe zitwikwa, ziguma hejuru ya 1,250 kuva 2010 kandi zikagera kuri 1.500 hagati yimyaka icumi ishize. Igurishwa ryimodoka ya moteri yaka imbere yagabanutse gahoro gahoro mumyaka yashize, hamwe na CAGR ya -2% hagati ya 2016 na 2022, igera ku bice 1300 muri 2022. Iri gabanuka riratandukanye kumasoko akomeye yimodoka kandi niryo rikomeye cyane. Ibi bigaragarira cyane cyane mu Bushinwa, aho umubare wa ICE uhari muri 2022 uri munsi ya 8% ugereranije no muri 2016, ugereranije na 3-4% muri Amerika n'Uburayi mugihe kimwe. Ibi birashobora guterwa no kugabanuka kwisoko ryimodoka no guhinduranya buhoro buhoro abakora amamodoka manini mumashanyarazi. Mugihe kizaza, niba abakora ibinyabiziga bibanda kumashanyarazi kandi bagakomeza kugurisha moderi zisanzwe za ICE aho kongera ingengo yimari yiterambere kubishya, umubare rusange wimiterere ya ICE ushobora kuguma uhagaze neza, mugihe umubare wuburyo bushya uzagabanuka.
Kuboneka kw'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bigenda byiyongera cyane ugereranije na moteri yo gutwika imbere, hamwe na CAGR ya 30% muri 2016-2022. Mu masoko azamuka, iri terambere riteganijwe gutegurwa kuko umubare munini w’abinjira bashya bazana ibicuruzwa bishya ku isoko kandi abashinzwe kuyobora bagatandukanya ibicuruzwa byabo. Ubwiyongere bwaragabanutse mu myaka yashize, hafi 25% buri mwaka muri 2021 na 15% muri 2022.Biteganijwe ko umubare w’icyitegererezo uzakomeza kwiyongera vuba mu gihe kizaza kuko abakora amamodoka manini bagura imiyoboro ya EV kandi abinjira bashya bashimangira ikirenge cyabo, cyane cyane mu kuvuka amasoko n'ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere (EMDEs). Umubare wamateka ya moderi ya ICE iboneka kumasoko yerekana ko umubare wubu wa EV ushobora guhitamo byibuze kabiri mbere yo kuringaniza.
Ikibazo gikomeye mumasoko yimodoka kwisi yose (hamwe nibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi na moteri yaka imbere) ni ubwiganze bukabije bwa SUV na moderi nini kumasoko kuburyo bworoshye. Abakora amamodoka barashobora kwinjiza amafaranga menshi muri ubwo buryo bitewe nigipimo kinini cyo kugaruka, gishobora gukwirakwiza igice cyishoramari mugutezimbere ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Rimwe na rimwe, nka Amerika, ibinyabiziga binini na byo birashobora kungukirwa n’ubukungu buke bw’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, bushishikariza abakora amamodoka kongera gato ubunini bw’ikinyabiziga kugira ngo babe amakamyo yoroheje.
Nyamara, moderi nini zihenze cyane, zitera ibibazo byingenzi bigerwaho hirya no hino, cyane cyane mumasoko azamuka ndetse no mubihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Ingero nini nazo zifite ingaruka zo kuramba no gutanga urunigi kuko zikoresha bateri nini zisaba amabuye y'agaciro akomeye. Mu 2022, ubunini bwa batiri buringaniye bwo kugurisha ibinyabiziga bito byamashanyarazi bizava kuri 25 kWh mu Bushinwa kugeza kuri kilowati 35 mu Bufaransa, Ubudage n'Ubwongereza, hamwe na 60 kWh muri Amerika. Kugereranya, impuzandengo ikoreshwa muri ibi bihugu igera kuri 70-75 kWh kuri SUV zifite amashanyarazi gusa no hagati ya 75-90 kWh kuri moderi nini.
Hatitawe ku bunini bw'imodoka, kuva kuri moteri yaka ukajya mumashanyarazi nicyo kintu cyambere mugushikira intego zeru zangiza, ariko kugabanya ingaruka za bateri nini nabyo ni ngombwa. Kugeza mu 2022, mu Bufaransa, mu Budage no mu Bwongereza, uburemere buringaniye bwo kugurisha imodoka za SUV zifite amashanyarazi zizikuba inshuro 1.5 ubw'imodoka nto zisanzwe zikoresha amashanyarazi zisaba ibyuma byinshi, aluminium na plastike; inshuro ebyiri bateri zitari kumuhanda zisaba hafi 75% minerval yingenzi. Umwuka wa CO2 ujyanye no gutunganya ibikoresho, gukora no guteranya biteganijwe ko uziyongera hejuru ya 70%.
Muri icyo gihe, amamodoka ya SUV ashobora kugabanya ikoreshwa rya peteroli hejuru ya barrile 150.000 kumunsi muri 2022 kandi akirinda imyuka ihumanya ijyanye no gutwika amavuta muri moteri yaka imbere. Mugihe amamodoka ya mashanyarazi azaba agera kuri 35% yimodoka zose zitwara abagenzi (PLDVs) mumwaka wa 2022, umugabane wabo wohereza ibyuka bya peteroli uzaba mwinshi (hafi 40%) kuko SUV zikunda gukoreshwa kuruta imodoka nto. Nibyo, ibinyabiziga bito bikenera imbaraga nke zo gukora nibikoresho bike byo kubaka, ariko SUV zamashanyarazi ziracyakunda ibinyabiziga bya moteri yaka.
Kugeza mu 2022, SUVs za ICE zizasohora Gt zirenga 1 za CO2, zikaba zirenga kure kugabanuka kwa 80 Mt kugabanya imyuka y’amashanyarazi muri uyu mwaka. Mu gihe igurishwa ry’imodoka ryose rizagabanukaho 0.5% mu 2022, kugurisha SUV biziyongera 3% ugereranije na 2021, bingana na 45% by’imodoka zose zagurishijwe, hamwe n’iterambere rikomeye rituruka muri Amerika, Ubuhinde n'Uburayi. Mu modoka 1,300 ICE ziboneka muri 2022, abarenga 40% bazaba SUV, ugereranije na munsi ya 35% yimodoka nto nini nini. Umubare rusange wamahitamo ya ICE aragabanuka kuva 2016 kugeza 2022, ariko kubinyabiziga bito n'ibiciriritse gusa (kugabanuka 35%), mugihe byiyongera kumodoka nini na SUV (kwiyongera 10%).
Inzira nkiyi igaragara ku isoko ryimodoka yamashanyarazi. Hafi ya 16% ya SUV zose zagurishijwe muri 2022 zizaba ari EV, zirenze umugabane rusange w’isoko rya EV, byerekana ko abaguzi bakunda SUV, zaba izimya imbere cyangwa ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Kugeza 2022, hafi 40% yimodoka zose zamashanyarazi zizaba SUV, zingana numugabane uhuriweho nibinyabiziga bito n'ibiciriritse. Abarenga 15% baguye kumugabane wubundi buryo bunini. Imyaka itatu gusa irashize, muri 2019, moderi ntoya nini nini zingana na 60% byubwoko bwose buboneka, hamwe na SUV 30% gusa.
Mu Bushinwa n'Uburayi, SUV na moderi nini zizaba zigize 60 ku ijana by'amahitamo asanzwe ya BEV bitarenze 2022, bijyanye n'ikigereranyo cyo ku isi. Ibinyuranye, SUV na moderi nini za ICE zigizwe na 70 ku ijana by'icyitegererezo cya ICE kiboneka muri utwo turere, byerekana ko kuri ubu EV zikiri nto ugereranije na bagenzi babo ba ICE. Amagambo yavuzwe na bamwe mubakora amamodoka akomeye yo muburayi yerekana ko hashobora kwiyongera kwibanda kubintu bito ariko bizwi cyane mumyaka iri imbere. Kurugero, Volkswagen yatangaje ko izashyira ahagaragara urugero rw’amayero 25.000 y’isoko ry’isoko ry’iburayi mu 2025 hamwe n’amayero 20.000 yo mu 2026-27 mu rwego rwo gushimisha abakiriya benshi. Muri Amerika, ibice birenga 80% byamahitamo ya BEV azaba SUV cyangwa moderi nini muri 2022, hejuru ya 70% ya SUV cyangwa moderi nini za ICE. Urebye imbere, niba itangazo riherutse kwagura ibikorwa bya IRA kuri SUV nyinshi ziza, utegereze kubona amamodoka menshi y’amashanyarazi muri Amerika. Muri IRA, Minisiteri y’imari ya Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika yavuguruye ibyiciro by’imodoka maze mu 2023 ihindura ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu yemererwe inguzanyo z’imodoka zisukuye zijyanye na SUV nto, ubu yemerewe niba igiciro kiri munsi y’amadolari 80.000 uhereye ku gipimo cyabanjirije iki. ku $ 55.000. .
Igurishwa ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa ryazamuwe n’inkunga ya politiki ikomeje ndetse n’ibiciro byo kugurisha. Mu 2022, igiciro cyo kugurisha kiremereye cy’ibinyabiziga bito by’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa kizaba kiri munsi y’amadorari 10,000, kiri munsi y’urwego rw’amadolari arenga 30.000 muri uwo mwaka ubwo igiciro cyo kugurisha cy’ibiciro cy’ibinyabiziga bito by’amashanyarazi mu Burayi no muri Amerika kirenga 30.000.
Mu Bushinwa, imodoka z’amashanyarazi zagurishijwe cyane mu 2022 zizaba Wuling Mini BEV, imodoka nto igurwa munsi y’amadolari 6.500, n’imodoka nto ya BYD Dolphin igurwa munsi y’amadolari 16,000. Hamwe na hamwe, ubwo buryo bwombi bugera hafi 15 ku ijana by’iterambere ry’Ubushinwa mu kugurisha imodoka z’amashanyarazi zitwara abagenzi, byerekana ko hakenewe moderi nto. Ugereranije, imodoka ntoya yagurishijwe cyane mu Bufaransa, Ubudage n'Ubwongereza - Fiat 500, Peugeot e-208 na Renault Zoe - yatwaye amadolari arenga 35.000. Imodoka nto cyane zose zifite amashanyarazi zigurishwa muri Amerika, cyane cyane Chevrolet Bolt na Mini Cooper BEV, igura amadorari 30.000. Tesla Model Y niyo modoka itwara abagenzi BEV yagurishijwe cyane mubihugu bimwe byu Burayi (hejuru ya $ 65,000) na Amerika (hejuru ya $ 10,000). 50.000) .6
Abashoramari bo mu Bushinwa bibanze ku guteza imbere imiterere ntoya, ihendutse, imbere ya bagenzi babo mpuzamahanga, kugabanya ibiciro nyuma y’imyaka myinshi irushanwa rikomeye mu gihugu. Kuva mu myaka ya za 2000, amajana n'amajana abakora ibinyabiziga bito byamashanyarazi binjiye ku isoko, bungukirwa na gahunda zitandukanye za leta zishyigikira, harimo inkunga nogutera inkunga kubaguzi nababikora. Amenshi muri ayo masosiyete yirukanywe mu marushanwa kuko inkunga zavanyweho kandi isoko rimaze guhuzwa n’abayobozi icumi batezimbere neza imodoka ntoya n’amashanyarazi ku isoko ry’Ubushinwa. Kwishyira hamwe guhagaritse bateri hamwe nogutanga ibinyabiziga bitanga amashanyarazi, kuva gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro kugeza kuri bateri no gukora ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi, no kubona imirimo ihendutse, gukora no gutera inkunga hirya no hino nabyo bitera iterambere ryikitegererezo gihenze.
Hagati aho, abakora amamodoka mu Burayi no muri Amerika - baba abateza imbere kare nka Tesla cyangwa abakinnyi bakomeye bariho - kugeza ubu bibanze cyane ku moderi nini, nziza cyane, bityo bitanga bike ku isoko rusange. Nyamara, impinduka ntoya ziboneka muri ibi bihugu akenshi zitanga imikorere myiza kuruta iyo mu Bushinwa, nkurwego rurerure. Mu 2022, ikigereranyo kiremereye cyo kugurisha ibirometero bito by’amashanyarazi bigurishwa muri Amerika bizagera kuri kilometero 350, mu gihe mu Bufaransa, Ubudage n'Ubwongereza iyi mibare izaba iri munsi ya kilometero 300, naho mu Bushinwa iyi mibare ikaba mike. ibirometero birenga 220. Mu bindi bice, itandukaniro ntirigaragara cyane. Kuba sitasiyo zishyuza rusange mubushinwa zishobora gusobanura impamvu abakoresha Ubushinwa bakunda guhitamo urwego ruto ugereranije n’abaguzi b’abanyaburayi cyangwa Abanyamerika.
Tesla yagabanije ibiciro kuri moderi zayo kabiri muri 2022 mugihe amarushanwa yiyongera kandi abakora amamodoka menshi batangaje amahitamo ahendutse mumyaka mike iri imbere. Mugihe ibi birego bikwiye gukomeza ubushakashatsi, iyi nzira irashobora kwerekana ko ikinyuranyo cyibiciro hagati yimodoka ntoya n’amashanyarazi asanzwe ashobora kuzimya buhoro buhoro mugihe cyimyaka icumi.
Kugeza mu 2022, amasoko atatu manini y’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi - Ubushinwa, Uburayi na Amerika - azaba agera kuri 95% y’ibicuruzwa ku isi. Amasoko avuka nubukungu bwihuse (EMDEs) hanze yUbushinwa bifite igice gito cyisoko ryimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi kwisi. Ibisabwa ku mashanyarazi byiyongereye mu myaka yashize, ariko kugurisha bikomeje kuba bike.
Mugihe amasoko agaragara hamwe nibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere bikunze kwihutira gukoresha ibicuruzwa bigezweho byikoranabuhanga nka terefone igendanwa, mudasobwa n'ibikoresho bihujwe, ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bikomeza kubahenze cyane ku bantu benshi. Nk’uko ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bubigaragaza, abarenga 50 ku ijana by'ababajijwe muri Gana bahitamo kugura imodoka y'amashanyarazi kuruta imodoka ya moteri yaka, ariko abarenga kimwe cya kabiri cy'abo bashobora kuba bakoresha ntibashaka gukoresha amadolari arenga 20.000 ku modoka y'amashanyarazi. Inzitizi irashobora kuba kubura kwishyurwa ryizewe kandi bihendutse, hamwe nubushobozi buke bwo gutanga, gusana no kubungabunga ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Mu bihugu byinshi bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere ndetse no mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda buracyashingiye cyane ku bisubizo bito bitwara abantu mu mijyi nko mu binyabiziga bibiri na bitatu, bigenda bitera intambwe nini mu gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no gufatanya kugira ngo bigere ku ngendo zo mu karere ku kazi. Kugura imyitwarire nayo iratandukanye, hamwe nimodoka yigenga kugiti cye no gukoresha imodoka kugura byinshi. Urebye imbere, mugihe kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (bishya nibikoreshwa) kumasoko azamuka no mubihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere biteganijwe ko byiyongera, ibihugu byinshi birashoboka ko bizakomeza gushingira cyane cyane kubiziga bibiri na bitatu. bisobanura (reba imodoka muri iyi raporo) .igice)).
Muri 2022, hazabaho iterambere ryinshi mumodoka zamashanyarazi mubuhinde, Tayilande na Indoneziya. Hamwe na hamwe, kugurisha EV muri ibi bihugu byikubye inshuro zirenga eshatu kuva 2021 bigera ku 80.000. Igurishwa muri 2022 ryikubye inshuro zirindwi ugereranije na 2019 mbere y’icyorezo cya Covid-19. Ibinyuranye, kugurisha mu yandi masoko azamuka no mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere byari bike.
Mu Buhinde, kugurisha EV bizagera ku 50.000 muri 2022, bikubye inshuro enye ugereranije na 2021, kandi kugurisha ibinyabiziga byose biziyongera munsi ya 15%. Uruganda rukora imbere mu gihugu Tata rwinjije hejuru ya 85% yo kugurisha BEV, mugihe igurishwa rito rya BEV Tigor / Tiago ryikubye kane. Igurishwa ryimodoka ya Hybrid mu Buhinde iracyari hafi zeru. Isosiyete nshya y’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ubu zirahitamo gahunda ya leta yo guteza imbere umusaruro (PLI), gahunda ingana na miliyari 2 z'amadorali agamije kwagura umusaruro w’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi n’ibiyigize. Iyi gahunda yakusanyije miliyari 8.3 z'amadorali y'Amerika.
Nyamara, isoko ryu Buhinde kuri ubu riracyibanda ku kugabana no kugenda bito. Kugeza 2022, 25% yo kugura EV mubuhinde bizakorwa nabakora amato nka tagisi. Mu ntangiriro za 2023, Tata yakiriye itegeko rinini rya Uber ku modoka z'amashanyarazi 25.000. Na none, mugihe 55% byimodoka eshatu zagurishijwe ari ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, munsi ya 2% yimodoka yagurishijwe ni ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Ola, isosiyete nini y’imodoka nini y’amashanyarazi yinjiza amafaranga, ntiratanga ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi. Ola, ahubwo yibanda ku kugenda kwinshi, igamije gukuba kabiri amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi abiri kugeza kuri miliyoni 2 mu mpera za 2023 ikagera ku mwaka ingana na miliyoni 10 hagati ya 2025 na 2028. Isosiyete irateganya kandi kubaka batiri ya lithium-ion uruganda rufite ubushobozi bwa mbere bwa 5 GWh, rwiyongera kuri 100 GWh mu 2030. Ola arateganya gutangira kugurisha imodoka z’amashanyarazi mu bucuruzi bwa tagisi mu 2024 no guha amashanyarazi amatagisi mu 2029, mu gihe yatangije premium yayo. n'amasoko rusange yubucuruzi bwimodoka yamashanyarazi. Iyi sosiyete yatangaje ko ishoramari rya miliyoni zisaga 900 z'amadolari mu gukora bateri n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi mu majyepfo y’Ubuhinde kandi yongereye umusaruro ku mwaka uva ku 100.000 ugera ku 140.000.
Muri Tayilande, igurishwa rya EV ryikubye kabiri rigera ku 21.000, aho kugurisha byagabanijwe neza hagati y’imodoka zifite amashanyarazi meza hamwe n’amashanyarazi. Ubwiyongere bw’umubare w’imodoka z’Abashinwa bwihutishije iyakirwa ry’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi muri iki gihugu. Mu 2021, Great Wall Motors, uruganda rukora moteri nkuru y’Ubushinwa (OEM), yazanye Euler Haomao BEV ku isoko rya Tayilande, izahinduka imodoka y’amashanyarazi yagurishijwe cyane muri Tayilande mu 2022 igurishwa hafi 4000. Imodoka ya kabiri n'iya gatatu zizwi cyane ni n’imodoka z’Abashinwa zakozwe n’inganda z’imodoka za Shanghai (SAIC), nta nimwe muri zo zagurishijwe muri Tayilande mu 2020. Abakora amamodoka mu Bushinwa bashoboye kugabanya igiciro cy’imodoka z’amashanyarazi ku banywanyi b’abanyamahanga na bo bafite yinjiye ku isoko rya Tayilande, nka BMW na Mercedes, bityo akurura abaguzi benshi. Byongeye kandi, guverinoma ya Tayilande itanga uburyo butandukanye bw’imari ku binyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi, harimo inkunga, imisoro ku musoro, hamwe n’imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga, bishobora gufasha kongera ubwiza bw’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi. Tesla irateganya kwinjira ku isoko rya Tayilande mu 2023 ikinjira mu musaruro wa supercharger.
Muri Indoneziya, kugurisha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byiyongereye byikubye inshuro zirenga 14 bigera ku bice birenga 10,000, mu gihe igurishwa ry’imashini icomeka ryagumye hafi ya zeru. Muri Werurwe 2023, Indoneziya yatangaje uburyo bushya bwo gushyigikira igurishwa ry’ibiziga bibiri by’amashanyarazi, imodoka na bisi, bigamije kongerera ingufu amashanyarazi y’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’umusaruro wa batiri binyuze mu bikoresho bikenewe. Guverinoma irateganya gutera inkunga igurishwa ry’amashanyarazi 200.000 y’ibinyabiziga bibiri n’ibinyabiziga 36.000 mu 2023 hamwe n’imigabane yo kugurisha ya 4% na 5%. Inkunga nshya irashobora kugabanya ibiciro byamashanyarazi yibiziga bibiri kuri 25-50% kugirango ibafashe guhangana na bagenzi babo ba ICE. Indoneziya igira uruhare runini mu binyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi no gutanga amashanyarazi, cyane cyane bitewe n’amabuye y'agaciro akungahaye ndetse n’umwanya nk’umucukuzi munini wa nikel. Ibi byakuruye ishoramari mu masosiyete yo ku isi, kandi Indoneziya ishobora kuba ikigo kinini cyo muri ako karere mu gukora bateri n'ibigize.
Kuboneka kw'icyitegererezo bikomeje kuba ingorabahizi ku masoko azamuka no mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, hamwe na moderi nyinshi zagurishijwe cyane cyane mu bice bihebuje nka SUV na moderi nini nziza. Mugihe SUV ari inzira yisi yose, imbaraga nke zo kugura kumasoko azamuka no mubihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere bituma ibinyabiziga nkibi bidashoboka. Mu turere dutandukanye twavuzwe muri iki gice cya raporo, hari isoko ry’ibihugu birenga 60 bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere ndetse n’ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere, harimo n’ibishyigikiwe na Global Environment Facility's (GEF) Global Electric Mobility Program, aho usanga umubare w’ibinyabiziga binini biboneka; amafaranga muri 2022 azaba inshuro ebyiri kugeza kuri esheshatu kuruta imishinga mito.
Muri Afurika, imodoka y’amashanyarazi yagurishijwe cyane mu 2022 izaba Hyundai Kona (kwambukiranya amashanyarazi meza), naho Porsche nini kandi ihenze ya Taycan BEV ifite ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe hafi ya Nissan yo mu bwoko bwa Leaf BEV. Amashanyarazi ya SUV nayo agurisha inshuro umunani kurenza imodoka ebyiri zagurishijwe kurusha izindi zose hamwe: Mini Cooper SE BEV na Renault Zoe BEV. Mu Buhinde, moderi ya EV yagurishijwe cyane ni Tata Nexon BEV yambukiranya imipaka, hamwe n’ibicuruzwa bisaga 32.000 byagurishijwe, bikubye inshuro eshatu ugereranije n’ikindi cyagurishijwe cyane, Tata ntoya ya Tigor / Tiago BEV. Mu masoko yose azamuka ndetse n’ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere bikubiye hano, kugurisha imodoka za SUV z'amashanyarazi zageze ku bice 45.000, kuruta kugurisha ibinyabiziga bito (23,000) hamwe n’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi (16,000) hamwe. Muri Kosta Rika, ifite igurishwa ryinshi rya EV muri Amerika y'Epfo, bane gusa muri 20 bambere bambere ntabwo ari SUV, naho hafi kimwe cya gatatu ni moderi nziza. Ejo hazaza h’amashanyarazi menshi mumasoko azamuka no mubihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere biterwa niterambere ryimodoka ntoya kandi ihendutse cyane, kimwe n’ibiziga bibiri na bitatu.
Itandukaniro ryingenzi mugusuzuma iterambere ryisoko ryimodoka ni itandukaniro riri hagati yo kwiyandikisha no kugurisha. Kwiyandikisha bishya bivuga umubare w’ibinyabiziga byanditswe ku mugaragaro inzego za Leta bireba cyangwa ibigo by’ubwishingizi ku nshuro ya mbere, harimo n’imodoka zo mu gihugu n’izitumizwa mu mahanga. Umubare w’ibicuruzwa urashobora kwerekeza ku binyabiziga byagurishijwe n’abacuruzi cyangwa abacuruzi (kugurisha ibicuruzwa), cyangwa ibinyabiziga bigurishwa n’abakora imodoka ku bacuruzi (ex imirimo, ni ukuvuga ibyoherezwa mu mahanga). Iyo usesenguye isoko ryimodoka, guhitamo ibipimo birashobora kuba ingirakamaro cyane. Kugira ngo ibaruramari rihamye mu bihugu byose kandi wirinde kubara kabiri ku isi, ingano y’isoko ry’ibinyabiziga muri iyi raporo ishingiye ku iyandikwa ry’ibinyabiziga bishya (niba bihari) no kugurisha ibicuruzwa, ntabwo ari ibicuruzwa bitangwa mu ruganda.
Akamaro k’ibi kagaragazwa neza n’imigendekere y’isoko ry’imodoka mu Bushinwa mu 2022.Gutanga ibicuruzwa (bibarwa nk’igurisha) ku isoko ry’imodoka zitwara abagenzi mu Bushinwa bivugwa ko byiyongereyeho 7% bikagera kuri 10% mu 2022, mu gihe iyandikwa ry’amasosiyete y’ubwishingizi ryerekana a kudindiza isoko ryimbere mu gihugu muri uwo mwaka. Iri zamuka ryagaragaye mu makuru yatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’abashinwa bakora inganda z’imodoka (CAAM), isoko yemewe y’inganda z’imodoka mu Bushinwa. CAAM amakuru yakusanyirijwe mubakora ibinyabiziga kandi byerekana ibicuruzwa bitangwa. Andi masoko yavuzwe cyane ni Ishyirahamwe ry’imodoka zitwara abagenzi mu Bushinwa (CPCA), umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta ucuruza imodoka, ucuruza, kandi wohereza mu mahanga, ariko ntiwemerewe gutanga imibare y’igihugu kandi ntureba OEM zose, mu gihe CAAM ibikora. . Ikigo cy’ubushinwa gishinzwe ubushakashatsi n’ubushakashatsi (CATARC), gikusanya amakuru y’ibikorwa bya leta, gikusanya amakuru y’umusaruro w’ibinyabiziga hashingiwe ku nimero iranga ibinyabiziga na nimero zagurishijwe zishingiye ku mibare y’ubwishingizi bw’ibinyabiziga. Mu Bushinwa, ubwishingizi bw’ibinyabiziga butangwa ku modoka ubwayo, ntabwo ari iy'umushoferi ku giti cye, bityo rero ni ingirakamaro mu gukurikirana umubare w’ibinyabiziga biri mu muhanda, harimo n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga. Itandukaniro nyamukuru riri hagati yamakuru ya CATARC nandi masoko afitanye isano n’ibisirikare byoherejwe mu mahanga kandi bitanditswe mu gisirikare cyangwa ibindi bikoresho, ndetse n’imigabane y’abakora amamodoka.
Ubwiyongere bwihuse bwimodoka zitwara abagenzi zohereza ibicuruzwa hanze muri 2022 bituma itandukaniro riri hagati yaya makuru arigaragaza cyane. Mu 2022, imodoka zitwara abagenzi ziziyongera hafi 60% zigere kuri miliyoni zirenga miliyoni 2,5, mu gihe ibicuruzwa bitwara abagenzi bitumizwa hafi 20% (biva kuri 950.000 bikagera kuri 770.000).