Mafambiro eMota Yemagetsi - Global Electric Vehicle Forecast 2023

IEA (2023), Global Electric Vehicle Outlook 2023, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2023, License: CC BY 4.0
Pasinei nekukanganiswa kweketani, macroeconomic uye geopolitical kusagadzikana, uye mitengo yakakwira yezvinhu uye simba, mota yemagetsi kutengesa1 ichasvika kune imwe nguva yakakwira muna 2022. Kukura kwekutengesa kwemotokari dzemagetsi kunouya kuseri kwemusika uri kuderera wepasi rose wemotokari: yakazara mota. kutengesa muna 2022 kunenge kwakaderera ne3% pane muna 2021. Kutengeswa kwemotokari yemagetsi, kusanganisira motokari dzemagetsi ebhatiri. (BEVs) uye hybrid mota dzemagetsi (PHEVs), dzakapfuura mamirioni gumi gore rapfuura, kukwira 55% kubva 2021.2. Iyi nhamba - mamiriyoni gumi emotokari dzemagetsi dzinotengeswa pasi rose - dzinopfuura nhamba yose yemotokari dzinotengeswa muEU yose (inenge mamiriyoni 9,5) uye inenge hafu yemotokari dzose dzinotengeswa muEU. Kutengeswa kwemotokari muChina muna 2022. Mumakore mashanu chete, kubva ku2017 kusvika ku2022, kutengesa motokari yemagetsi kwakasvetuka kubva kumativi emamiriyoni e1 kusvika kune mamiriyoni gumi. Zvaitora makore mashanu, kubva 2012 kusvika 2017, kuti kutengesa kweEV kuende kubva pa100,000 kusvika pamiriyoni imwe, zvichiratidza chimiro chekuwedzera kweEV kutengesa kukura. Kugova kwemotokari dzemagetsi mukutengesa kwemotokari kwakakwira kubva pa9% muna 2021 kusvika 14% muna 2022, kanopfuura kagumi chikamu chavo muna 2017.
Kuwedzera kwekutengesa kuchaunza huwandu hwemotokari dzemagetsi mumigwagwa yenyika kusvika 26 miriyoni, kusvika 60% kubva 2021, ine mota dzemagetsi dzakachena dzinoverengera kupfuura 70% yekuwedzera kwegore, semakore apfuura. Nekuda kweizvozvo, panosvika 2022, inenge 70% yemotokari yemagetsi yepasi rose ichange iine mota dzemagetsi chete. Mumashoko akakwana, kukura kwekutengesa pakati pa2021 na2022 kuchakwira kusvika pakati pa2020 na2021 - kuwedzera kwemotokari dzinosvika mamirioni mazana matatu neshanu - asi kukura kwacho kwakadzikira (kutengesa kuchapeta kaviri pakati pa2020 na2021). Iyo inoshamisa boom muna 2021 inogona kunge iri nekuda kwemusika wemotokari dzemagetsi unobata mushure meiyo coronavirus (Covid-19) denda. Zvichienzaniswa nemakore apfuura, kukura kwepagore kwekutengeswa kwemotokari yemagetsi muna 2022 kwakafanana neavhareji yekukura muna 2015-2018, uye kukura kwepagore kwevaridzi vemotokari yemagetsi yepasi rose muna 2022 yakafanana nekukura muna 2021 uye mberi. Munguva 2015-2018. Musika wemotokari dzemagetsi uri kukurumidza kudzoka kune pre-denda kumhanya.
Kukura mukutengesa kweEV kwakasiyana nedunhu uye powertrain, asi yakaramba ichitongwa nePeople's Republic of China ("China"). Muna 2022, kutengeswa kwemotokari yemagetsi muChina kuchawedzera ne60% zvichienzaniswa ne2021 kusvika 4.4 miriyoni, uye plug-in hybrid mota yekutengesa ingangoita katatu kusvika 1.5 miriyoni. Kukura nekukurumidza kwekutengesa kwePHEV kuchienzaniswa neBEV kwakakodzera kuenderera mberi nekudzidza mumakore anouya sezvo kutengesa kwePHEV kunoramba kusina kusimba zvachose uye zvino vangangowana post-Covid-19 boom; EV kutengesa zvakapetwa katatu kubva 2020 kusvika 2021. Kunyange zvazvo kutengesa kwemotokari yose muna 2022 kwakaderera ne3% kubva 2021, EV kutengesa kuchiri kuwedzera.
China inoverengera ingangoita 60% yekunyoresa kutsva kwemotokari yemagetsi munyika. Muna 2022, kekutanga, China ichaita zvinopfuura 50% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemotokari dzemagetsi mumigwagwa yenyika, iyo inokwana mamiriyoni 13.8 emotokari. Uku kukura kwakasimba mhedzisiro yeanopfuura makore gumi ekuenderera mberi kwerutsigiro rwevatambi vekutanga, kusanganisira nekuwedzera kusvika pakupera kwa2022 zvekukurudzira kutenga zvakarongwa kupera muna 2020 nekuda kweCovid-19, mukuwedzera kune zvikumbiro zvakaita seChaja Infrastructure. Kurumidza kuburitswa muChina uye mutemo wakasimba wekunyoresa kune dzisiri dzemagetsi mota.
Mugove wemotokari dzemagetsi mukutengesa kwemotokari mumusika weChina uchasvika 29% panosvika 2022, kubva pa16% muna 2021 uye pasi pe6% pakati pa2018 na2020. Saka, China yakazadzisa chinangwa chayo chenyika chekuwana chikamu che20 muzana che kutengeswa kwemotokari yemagetsi ne2025. - Dana New Energy Vehicle (NEV) 3 mberi. Zvese zvinongedzo zvinonongedza kukuwedzera kukura: kunyangwe iyo Chinese Ministry of Indasitiri neRuzivo Tekinoroji (MIIT), iyo inotungamira indasitiri yemotokari, haisati yavandudza zvinangwa zvayo zvekutengesa NEV yenyika, chinangwa chekuwedzera magetsi ekufambisa mumigwagwa chakasimbiswa. kwegore rinotevera. 2019. Mapepa akati wandei. China ine chinangwa chekuwana chikamu chemakumi mashanu muzana chekutengesa munzvimbo dzinodaidzwa kuti "nzvimbo dzakakosha dzekusvibiswa kwemhepo" uye chikamu chemakumi mana kubva muzana chekutengesa munyika yose panosvika 2030 kutsigira hurongwa hwekuita hwenyika hwekuwedzera kuburitsa kabhoni. Kana maitiro emusika achangoburwa akaenderera mberi, chinangwa cheChina cha2030 chinogona kusvika nekukurumidza. Hurumende dzematunhu dziri kutsigirawo kuzadzikiswa kweNEV, uye kusvika pari zvino mapurovhinzi gumi nemasere akatara zvinangwa zveNEV.
Rutsigiro rwedunhu muChina rwakabatsirawo kusimudzira mamwe epasi rose anogadzira mota dzemagetsi. Dzimba guru riri muShenzhen, BYD inopa akawanda emabhazi emagetsi emuguta uye matekisi, uye hutungamiriri hwaro hunoonekwawo mushuviro yeShenzhen yekuwana chikamu che60 muzana chekutengesa kwemotokari yemagetsi panosvika 2025. Guangzhou ine chinangwa chekuwana chikamu che50% chemotokari itsva ine simba. kutengesa na2025, kubatsira Xpeng Motors kuwedzera uye kuve mumwe wevatungamiriri mumotokari dzemagetsi munyika.
Hazvisati zvanyatsojeka kana chikamu cheChina chekutengesa kweEV chicharamba chiri pamusoro pe20% chinangwa muna 2023, sezvo kutengesa kungangove kwakasimba zvikuru sezvo kukurudzira kunotarisirwa kubviswa pakupera kwa2022. Kutengeswa muna Ndira 2023 kwakaderera zvakanyanya, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvaive zvimwe zvakakonzerwa nenguva yeGore Idzva reLunar, uye zvichienzaniswa naNdira 2022, vaive vadzikira neinosvika gumi%. Nekudaro, muna Kukadzi naKurume 2023, kutengesa kweEV kuchakwira, iyo inenge 60% yakakwirira kupfuura muna Kukadzi 2022 uye inodarika 25% yakakwira kupfuura muna Kukadzi 2022. 2023 inopfuura 20% yakakwira kupfuura mukota yekutanga ye2022.
MuEurope4, kutengeswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi muna 2022 kuchakura neinopfuura 15% zvichienzaniswa ne2021, inosvika 2.7 miriyoni zvikamu. Kukura kwekutengesa kwave nekukurumidza mumakore apfuura, nekukura kwepagore kweanopfuura makumi matanhatu neshanu muzana muna 2021 uye avhareji yekukura kwemakumi mana muzana muna 2017-2019. Muna 2022, kutengesa kweBEV kuchakura ne30% zvichienzaniswa ne2021 (kukwira makumi matanhatu neshanu muzana muna 2021 zvichienzaniswa na2020), nepo plug-in hybrid yekutengesa ichaderera neinosvika 3%. Europe yakaverengera 10% yekukura kwepasirese mukutengesa kwemotokari nyowani dzemagetsi. Kunyangwe kukura kuri kuderera muna 2022, kutengeswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi muEurope kuri kuramba kuchikura pakati pekuenderera mberi kwemusika wemotokari, nekutengesa kwemotokari muEurope muna 2022 pasi ne3% zvichienzaniswa ne2021.
Kudzikira muEurope kuchienzaniswa nemakore apfuura kunoratidza kukura kwakasiyana-siyana mukutengeswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi dzeEU muna 2020 na2021 sezvo vagadziri vanokurumidza kugadzirisa hurongwa hwavo hwekambani kuti vasangane neyakagamuchirwa CO2 emission standards muna 2019. Miyero inofukidza nguva 2020-2024, neEU- yakafara emission tarisi kungowedzera kuomarara kubva 2025 uye 2030.
Mitengo yemagetsi yakakwira muna 2022 ichave neyakaomesesa kukwikwidza kwemotokari dzemagetsi maringe nemukati meinjini yekupisa (ICE) mota. Mitengo yepeturu nedhiziri yemotokari dzinopisa mukati yakakwira, asi mune dzimwe nguva, mabhiri emagetsi ekugara (ane chekuita nekuchaja) akakwirawo. Mitengo yepamusoro yemagetsi negasi iri kukwidzawo mutengo wekugadzira injini dzinopisa mukati uye mota dzemagetsi, uye vamwe vagadziri vemotokari vanotenda kuti mitengo yemagetsi yakakwira inogona kudzikamisa kudyara kweramangwana mune hutsva hwebhatiri.
Pakazosvika 2022, Europe icharamba iri yechipiri pamusika mukuru weEV mushure meChina, ichiverengera makumi maviri neshanu muzana ekutengesa kweEV uye makumi matatu muzana evaridzi vepasi rose. Mugove wekutengesa motokari yemagetsi uchasvika 21% kana ichienzaniswa ne18% muna 2021, 10% muna 2020 uye pasi pe3% ne 2019. Nyika dzeEurope dzinoramba dzichikwira muchikamu chekutengesa kweEV, neNorway inotungamira ne88%, Sweden ine 54%, Netherlands ne35%, Germany ne31%, UK ne23% uye France ne21% ne. 2022. Germany ndiyo misika mikuru yeEurope nehuwandu hwekutengesa, nekutengesa kwe830,000 muna 2022, ichiteverwa neUK ne370,000 uye France ne330,000. Kutengeswa muSpain kwakawedzerawo 80,000. Mugove wemotokari dzemagetsi mukutengesa kwemotokari yese muGermany wakawedzera nekagumi kana zvichienzaniswa nepre-Covid-19, nekuda kwechikamu chekuwedzera kwerutsigiro rwepashure-denda senge Umweltbonus kutenga incentives, pamwe nekutengesa kusati kwatarisirwa kubva 2023 kusvika 2022. gore rino, rubatsiro ruchadzikiswa zvakare. Nekudaro, muItari, kutengesa kweEV kwadonha kubva pa140,000 muna 2021 kusvika 115,000 muna 2022, ukuwo Austria, Denmark neFinland zvakaonawo kudzikira kana kumira.
Kutengeswa muEurope kunotarisirwa kuramba kuchikura, kunyanya zvichitevera shanduko dzemazuva ano pasi peFit ye55 chirongwa. Mitemo mitsva inoisa zviyero zvakaomarara zveCO2 emission ye2030-2034 uye ine chinangwa chekudzikisa kuburitswa kweCO2 kubva kumotokari nyowani nemavan ne100% kubva 2035 zvichienzaniswa ne2021 mazinga. Munguva pfupi, zvinokurudzira zvinomhanya pakati pa2025 na2029 zvichapa mubairo vanogadzira vanowana chikamu che25% chekutengesa kwemotokari (17% yemavans) ye zero kana yakaderera emission mota. Mumwedzi miviri yekutanga ye2023, kutengeswa kwemotokari yemagetsi kwakawedzera neanopfuura makumi matatu muzana gore negore, ukuwo kutengeswa kwemotokari kwakawedzera nekanopfuura gumi muzana pagore.
MuUS, kutengesa kweEV kuchakura ne55% muna 2022 zvichienzaniswa na2021, nemaEV chete ari kutungamira nzira. Kutengeswa kwemotokari yemagetsi kwakakwira 70% kusvika kunosvika mazana masere ezviuru, zvichiratidza gore rechipiri rekukura kwakasimba mushure mekuderera kwe2019-2020. Plug-in hybrid sales yakakwirawo, kunyangwe ne15% chete. Kukura kwekutengesa mota dzemagetsi kuUS kwakasimba zvakanyanya kupihwa kuti kutengeswa kwemotokari dzese muna 2022 kwakaderera ne8% kubva muna 2021, pamusoro peavhareji yepasi rose ye -3%. Pakazara, iyo US yakaverengera 10 muzana yekukura kwekutengesa kwepasirese. Nhamba yose yemotokari yemagetsi ichasvika mamiriyoni matatu, iyo 40% kupfuura muna 2021, iyo ichava 10% yehuwandu hwemotokari dzemagetsi munyika yose. Mota dzemagetsi dzakaverengera ingangoita 8% yekutengesa kwese kwemotokari, kubva painongopfuura 5% muna 2021 uye ingangoita 2% pakati pa2018 na2020.
Zvinhu zvakati wandei zvinoita kuti kutengesa kuwedzere muUS. Mamwe mamodheru anodhura kupfuura aya anopihwa nemutungamiri wenhoroondo Tesla anogona kubatsira kuvhara gap rekupa. Nemakambani makuru akaita seTesla neGeneral Motors ari kurova denga rerubatsiro mumakore apfuura nerutsigiro kubva kuUnited States, kutangwa kwemamwe makambani emhando nyowani kunoreva kuti vatengi vazhinji vanogona kubatsirwa kubva pamadhora zviuru zvinomwe nemazana mashanu mukukurudzira kutenga. Sezvo hurumende nemabhizinesi vachienda kumagetsi, kuziva kuri kukura: panosvika 2022, mumwe muvanhu vana vekuAmerica vanotarisira mota yavo inotevera kuve yemagetsi, maererano neAAA. Kunyange zvivakwa zvekuchaja uye kureba kwekufamba kwave nani mumakore achangopfuura, zvinoramba zvichinetsa kune vatyairi muUS, zvichipihwa kazhinji nzendo refu, kuderera kwekupinda, uye kuwanikwa kushoma kwedzimwe nzira dzakaita senjanji. Nekudaro, muna 2021, mutemo webipartisan wezvivakwa wakawedzera tsigiro yekuchaja mota yemagetsi nekugovera US $ 5 bhiriyoni yakazara pakati pa2022 na2026 kuburikidza neNational Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Formula Chirongwa uye kutora National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Chirongwa nekugovera US $ 2.5 bhiriyoni mu fomu yemakwikwi emari. Discretionary Charge uye Refueling Infrastructure Financing Scheme.
Iko kukurumidza mukukura kwekutengesa kungangoenderera kusvika muna 2023 uye mberi, nekuda kwegwaro idzva rekutsigira (ona Electric Vehicle Deployment Outlook). The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) yakamutsa dhiraivha yepasi rose nemakambani emotokari dzemagetsi kuwedzera mabasa ekugadzira muUS. Pakati paNyamavhuvhu 2022 naKurume 2023, vagadziri vakuru vemotokari yemagetsi uye mabhatiri vakazivisa kuwedzera kwemadhora mazana mashanu emabhiriyoni ekudyara mumotokari yemagetsi kuNorth America, iyo makumi mashanu muzana yakashandiswa kugadzira bhatiri, nepo zvikamu zvebhatiri uye kugadzirwa kwemotokari yemagetsi kwaisvika makumi maviri. mabhiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica. mabhiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica.%. Pakazere, zviziviso zvekambani iyi zvaisanganisira zvisungo zvekutanga zvekudyara mune ramangwana reUS bhatiri uye kugadzirwa kwemotokari yemagetsi, inosvika madhora mabhiriyoni manomwe nemazana mashanu kusvika kumadhora zana nemakumi masere emadhora. Tesla, semuenzaniso, inoronga kufambisa iyo Gigafactory lithium-ion bhatiri chirimwa muBerlin kuenda kuTexas, uko ichabatana neChina CATL kugadzira inotevera-chizvarwa mota dzemagetsi muMexico. Ford yakazivisawo chibvumirano neNingde Times yekuvaka Michigan bhatiri chirimwa uye hurongwa hwekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi katanhatu pakupera kwa2023 zvichienzaniswa ne2022, kusvika zviuru mazana matanhatu emotokari pagore uye kuwedzera kugadzirwa kusvika kumamiriyoni maviri emotokari pakupera kwa2022. . 2026. BMW inoronga kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemotokari yemagetsi panzvimbo yayo yeSouth Carolina mushure meIRA. Volkswagen yakasarudza Canada kune yayo yekutanga bhatiri chirimwa kunze kweEurope, nekuda kwekutanga kushanda muna 2027, uye iri kudyara mabhiriyoni maviri emadhora muchirimwa muSouth Carolina. Kunyange mabhindauko aya achitarisirwa kutungamira mukukura kwakasimba mumakore anotevera, mhedzisiro yavo izere inogona kusanzwika kusvika 2024, apo chirimwa ichienda online.
Nenguva pfupi, IRA yakaganhura zvinodikanwa zvekutora chikamu mukutenga mabhenefiti, sezvo mota dzichifanira kugadzirwa kuNorth America kuti dzikwanise kuwana rubatsiro. Nekudaro, kutengesa kweEV kwakaramba kwakasimba kubva Nyamavhuvhu 2022 uye mwedzi mishoma yekutanga ya2023 ichave yakasarudzika, nekutengesa kweEV kwakakwira 60% mukota yekutanga ya2023 zvichienzaniswa nenguva imwe chete muna 2022, iyo inogona kunge yakakanganiswa nekukanzurwa kwaNdira. 2023 Producer subsidy cuts. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mamodheru kubva kuvatungamiriri vemusika vanogona ikozvino kunakidzwa nemitengo kana uchitenga. Nekufamba kwenguva, rondedzero yemamodheru anokodzera kuwana rubatsiro inotarisirwa kuwedzera.
Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekutengesa mukota yekutanga ye2023 zvinonongedza kune tariro, inotsigirwa nemitengo yakaderera uye yakawedzera rutsigiro rwezvematongerwo enyika mumisika yakakosha seUS. Saka, nepamusoro pe 2.3 mamiriyoni emotokari dzemagetsi dzakatotengeswa muchikamu chekutanga chegore rino, tinotarisira kutengesa motokari yemagetsi kusvika mamiriyoni gumi nemana muna 2023. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kutengeswa kwemotokari dzemagetsi mu2023 kuchakura ne35% zvichienzaniswa ne2022, uye chikamu chekutengeswa kwepasi rose kwemotokari dzemagetsi kuchawedzera kubva pa14% muna 2022 kusvika pa18%.
Kutengeswa kwemotokari yemagetsi mumwedzi mitatu yekutanga ye2023 iri kuratidza zviratidzo zvekukura kwakasimba kana zvichienzaniswa nenguva yakafanana muna 2022. MuUnited States, kupfuura 320,000 motokari dzemagetsi dzichatengeswa muchikamu chekutanga che2023, kusvika 60% kubva panguva imwe chete. mu 2022. Same nguva muna 2022. Isu parizvino tinotarisira kukura uku kuenderera mberi kwegore rose, nekutengesa mota dzemagetsi zvinodarika miriyoni 1.5 units. muna 2023, zvichikonzera chikamu chinofungidzirwa chegumi nemaviri muzana chekutengesa mota dzemagetsi dzeUS muna 2023.
KuChina, kutengesa kweEV kwakatanga zvisina kunaka muna 2023, nekutengesa kwaNdira kwakaderera ne8% kubva muna Ndira 2022. Iyo ichangoburwa data iripo inoratidza kuti kutengesa kweEV kuri kudzoka nekukurumidza, nekutengesa kweEV yeChina kwakakwira pamusoro pe20% mukota yekutanga ye2023 kana ichienzaniswa neyekutanga. kota ya2022, ine anopfuura mamirioni 1.3 EVs akanyoreswa. Isu tinotarisira kuti mutengo wakanakira maEVs uchapfuura kukanganisa kwekubvisa rubatsiro rweEV kusvika mukupera kwa2023. Nekuda kweizvozvo, isu parizvino tinotarisira kuti kutengesa kweEV kuChina kuchakura neinopfuura 30% zvichienzaniswa ne2022, inosvika mamirioni masere. mayunitsi pakupera kwa2023, aine chikamu chekutengesa chinodarika makumi matatu neshanu muzana (29% muna 2022).
Kukura kwekutengesa mota dzemagetsi muEurope kunotarisirwa kuve kwakadzikira pamisika mitatu, inotungamirwa nemaitiro achangoburwa uye yakaomesesa CO2 emissions tarisiro iyo isingazotanga kushanda kusvika 2025 pakutanga. Muchikamu chekutanga che2023, kutengesa kwemotokari yemagetsi muEurope kuchakura neinenge 10% kana ichienzaniswa nenguva yakafanana muna 2022. Tinotarisira kuti kutengesa kweEV kuchakura neanopfuura 25% kwegore rose, neimwe mumotokari ina inotengeswa muEurope. kuva magetsi.
Kunze kwemusika mukuru weEV, kutengesa kweEV kunotarisirwa kusvika kumativi e900,000 muna 2023, kukwira 50% kubva 2022. Kutengeswa kwemotokari yemagetsi muIndia muchikamu chekutanga che2023 kwatove kwakapetwa kaviri kupfuura panguva imwe chete muna 2022. Zvishoma zvishoma. , asi vachiri kukura.
Ehe, kune njodzi dzakaderera kune maonero e2023: kuderera kwehupfumi hwenyika uye kubuda kweChina kubva kune NEV rubatsiro kunogona kudzikisira kukura mukutengesa kwemotokari dzemagetsi dzepasi rose muna 2023. Padivi rakanaka, misika mitsva inogona kuvhurwa kare kupfuura zvaitarisirwa zvichiramba zvichienderera. mitengo yepeturu yakakwira inoda mota dzemagetsi munzvimbo dzakawanda. Mafambiro matsva ezvematongerwo enyika, akadai seUS Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Kubvumbi 2023 kurudziro yekuomesa gasi rekupisa gasi kumota, zvinogona kuratidza kukwira kwekutengesa zvisati zvatanga kushanda.
Mujaho wemagetsi uri kuwedzera huwandu hwemhando dzemotokari dzemagetsi dziripo pamusika. Muna 2022, nhamba yesarudzo dziripo ichasvika mazana mashanu, zvichienzaniswa isingasviki mazana mana nemakumi mashanu muna 2021 uye yakapetwa kaviri iyo ye2018-2019. Semakore apfuura, China ine yakakura kwazvo chigadzirwa portfolio ine angangoita mazana matatu emhando dziripo, yakapetwa kaviri nhamba muna 2018-2019 pamberi peCovid-19 denda. Huwandu uhu huchiri hunenge hwakapetwa kaviri hweNorway, Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, France neUK, iyo imwe neimwe ine mhando zana nemakumi mashanu ekusarudza kubva, kanopfuura katatu nhamba yepre-denda. Mamodheru asingasviki zana achawanikwa muUS muna 2022, asi zvakapetwa kaviri kupfuura denda risati rasvika; muCanada, Japan, uye South Korea, 30 kana pasi aripo.
Maitiro e2022 anoratidza kukura kuri kukura kwemusika wemotokari yemagetsi uye anoratidza kuti automakers vari kupindura kudiwa kuri kukura kwevatengi vemotokari dzemagetsi. Nekudaro, huwandu hwemhando dzeEV dziripo dzichiri pazasi pemotokari dzakajairwa dzinopisa, dzichigara pamusoro pe1,250 kubva 2010 uye dzichikwira pa1,500 pakati pemakore gumi apfuura. Kutengeswa kwemhando dzeinjini dzekupisa mukati kwakadzikira zvishoma mumakore achangopfuura, neCAGR ye -2% pakati pe2016 ne2022, inosvika zviuru zana nemakumi matatu muna 2022. Kuderera uku kunosiyana pamisika mikuru yemotokari uye ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka muChina, uko huwandu hwesarudzo dzeICE dziripo muna 2022 dzakaderera ne8% pane muna 2016, zvichienzaniswa ne3-4% muUS neEurope panguva imwe cheteyo. Izvi zvinogona kunge zviri nekuda kwekudzikiswa kwemusika wemotokari uye zvishoma nezvishoma shanduko yeautomaker hombe kuenda kumotokari dzemagetsi. Mune ramangwana, kana vanogadzira mota vakatarisa pakuisa magetsi uye vachienderera mberi nekutengesa ma ICE mamodheru aripo pane kuwedzera mabhajeti ekuvandudza emamwe matsva, huwandu hwese huripo hwemhando dzeICE hunogona kuramba hwakagadzikana, nepo huwandu hwemhando nyowani huchadzikira.
Kuwanikwa kwemhando dzemotokari dzemagetsi kuri kukura nekukurumidza zvichienzaniswa nemhando dzeinjini dzekupisa, ine CAGR ye30% muna 2016-2022. Mumisika ichiri kusimukira, kukura uku kunofanirwa kutarisirwa sezvo huwandu hukuru hwevatsva vanounza zvigadzirwa kumusika uye vanopinda basa vanosiyanisa zvigadzirwa zvavo. Kukura kwave kwakati kwakadzikira mumakore achangopfuura, kutenderedza 25% pagore muna 2021 uye 15% muna 2022. Nhamba dzemhando dzinotarisirwa kuramba dzichikura nekukurumidza mune ramangwana sezvo ma automaker makuru anowedzera maEV portfolios uye vatsva vanosimbisa nhanho yavo, kunyanya mukubuda. misika nenyika dzichiri kusimukira (EMDEs). Nhamba yenhoroondo yemhando dzeICE dziripo pamusika dzinoratidza kuti huwandu hwazvino hwesarudzo dzeEV dzinogona kupeta kaviri isati yasimuka.
Dambudziko guru mumusika wepasi rose wemotokari (nemotokari dzese dzemagetsi uye injini dzinopisa dzemukati) ndiko kutonga kwakanyanya kweSUVs uye mhando hombe pamusika wezvisarudzo zvinokwanisika. Vagadziri vemotokari vanogona kuwana mari yakakwira kubva kumhando dzakadai nekuda kweyero yepamusoro yekudzoka, iyo inogona kuvhara chikamu chekudyara mukuvandudza mota dzemagetsi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvakaita seUS, mota dzakakura dzinogonawo kubatsirwa kubva kune mashoma kuomesera hupfumi hwemafuta, izvo zvinokurudzira vanogadzira mota kuti vawedzere saizi yemotokari kuti ikwanise kuita marori akareruka.
Nekudaro, iwo mamodheru akakurisa anodhura zvakanyanya, zvichigadzira nyaya huru dzekuwanika mubhodhi rose, kunyanya mumisika ichiri kusimukira uye nyika dzichiri kusimukira. Mamodheru akakura anewo zvinokonzeresa kusimba uye cheni dzekugovera sezvo vachishandisa mabhatiri akakura anoda mamwe mamineral akakosha. Muna 2022, kutengesa-kuremerwa avhareji yebhatiri saizi yemotokari diki dzemagetsi ichabva pa25 kWh muChina kusvika 35 kWh muFrance, Germany neUK, uye yakatenderedza 60 kWh muUS. Kana tichienzanisa, avhareji yekushandisa munyika idzi yakatenderedza 70–75 kWh yemaSUV emagetsi chete uye muhuwandu hwe75–90 kWh yemamodheru makuru.
Zvisinei nekukura kwemotokari, kuchinja kubva kuinjini dzinopisa kuenda kusimba remagetsi chinhu chinonyanya kukosha mukuwana zero emissions tarisiro, asi kudzikisira kukanganiswa kwemabhatiri akakura kwakakoshawo. Pakazosvika 2022, muFrance, Germany neUK, huremu hwekutengesa huremu hweSUVs dzemagetsi chaidzo huchave hwakapetwa ka1.5 hwemotokari diki dzemagetsi dzinoda mamwe simbi, aruminiyamu nepurasitiki; mabhatiri akapetwa kaviri ari kunze kwemugwagwa anoda anenge 75% mamwe mamineral akakosha. CO2 emissions yakabatana nekubata zvinhu, kugadzira uye kusangana inotarisirwa kuwedzera neinopfuura 70%.
Panguva imwecheteyo, maSUV emagetsi anogona kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta neanopfuura 150,000 mbiya pazuva panosvika 2022 uye kudzivirira kubuda kwemhepo kwakabatana nekupisa kwemafuta mukati meinjini dzinopisa. Nepo maSUV emagetsi achaverengera makumi matatu neshanu muzana emota dzese dzemagetsi dzinotakura vanhu (PLDVs) panosvika 2022, mugove wavo wekubuda kwemafuta uchave wakatokwira (anenge 40%) nekuti maSUV anowanzo shandiswa kupfuura mota diki. Chokwadi, mota diki dzinoda simba shoma kuti dzimhanye uye zvishoma zvekuvaka, asi maSUV emagetsi zvechokwadi achiri kufarira mota dzinopisa.
Pakazosvika 2022, ICE SUVs ichaburitsa zvinopfuura 1 Gt yeCO2, inodarika kure kuderedzwa kwe80 Mt net emission yemotokari dzemagetsi gore rino. Nepo kutengeswa kwemotokari kwakazara kuchidonha ne0.5% muna 2022, kutengeswa kweSUV kuchakura ne3% zvichienzaniswa ne2021, zvichitora chikamu che45% chekutengesa kwemotokari, nekukura kukuru kunobva kuUS, India neEurope. Pamotokari dze1,300 dzeICE dziripo ne2022, dzinopfuura makumi mana muzana dzichava maSUV, zvichienzaniswa nedzisingasviki makumi matatu neshanu muzana emotokari diki nepakati. Huwandu hwesarudzo dziripo dzeICE dziri kudzikira kubva muna 2016 kusvika 2022, asi chete kumotokari diki nepakati (35% inodzikira), ichiri kuwedzera kumota hombe uye SUVs (10% kuwedzera).
Maitiro akafanana anoonekwa mumusika wemotokari yemagetsi. Inosvika gumi nematanhatu muzana yemaSUV ese anotengeswa ne2022 achave maEV, ayo anopfuura chikamu chemusika cheEVs, zvichiratidza kufarira kwevatengi kumaSUVs, angave ari emukati memoto kana mota dzemagetsi. Pakazosvika 2022, inoda kusvika 40% yemhando dzose dzemotokari dzemagetsi dzichava SUVs, zvakaenzana nemugove wakasanganiswa wemotokari diki nepakati. Kupfuura 15% yakawira kune chikamu chemamwe mahombe mhando. Makore matatu chete apfuura, muna 2019, madiki uye epakati-saizi modhi akaverengera makumi matanhatu muzana emhando dzese dziripo, aine maSUV chete makumi matatu muzana.
MuChina neEurope, maSUV nemamodheru makuru achaumba 60 muzana yesarudzo iripo yeBEV panosvika 2022, zvinoenderana neavhareji yepasi rose. Kusiyana neizvi, maSUV nemhando hombe dzeICE dzinoita makumi manomwe muzana emhando dzeICE dziripo mumatunhu aya, zvichiratidza kuti maEV parizvino achiri madiki pane mamwe awo eICE. Zvirevo kubva kune mamwe makuru emagetsi eEuropean anoratidza kuti panogona kuwedzera kutarisa kune madiki asi ane mukurumbira modhi mumakore anouya. Semuenzaniso, Volkswagen yakazivisa kuti ichavhura sub-€ 25,000 compact modhi mumusika weEurope panosvika 2025 uye sub-€ 20,000 compact modhi muna 2026-27 kukwezva kune huwandu hwakakura hwevatengi. MuUS, anopfuura makumi masere muzana esarudzo dziripo dzeBEV dzichava maSUV kana mamodheru makuru panosvika 2022, yakakwira kupfuura iyo 70% yechikamu cheSUVs kana hombe ICE modhi. Tichitarisa kumberi, kana chiziviso chechangobva kuitika chekuwedzera kukurudzira kweIRA kune mamwe maSUV chikasvika pakubudirira, tarisira kuona mamwe maSUV emagetsi muUS. Pasi peIRA, Dhipatimendi reUS Treasury rakanga richiongorora kupatsanurwa kwemotokari uye muna 2023 rakachinja nzira yekukodzera zvikwereti zvemotokari zvakachena zvine chekuita nemaSUV madiki, zvino zvave kukodzera kana mutengo uri pasi pemadhora makumi masere ezviuru kubva pane yadarika chivharo. pa $55,000. .
Kutengeswa kwemotokari yemagetsi muChina kwakasimudzirwa nekuenderera mberi kwekutsigira zvematongerwo enyika uye nemitengo yakaderera yekutengesa. Muna 2022, avhareji mutengo wekutengesa wemotokari diki dzemagetsi muChina ichave isingasviki zviuru gumi zvemadhora, iri pazasi peyero inodarika zviuru makumi matatu zvemadhora mugore rimwe chete apo mutengo wepakati wekutengesa wemotokari diki dzemagetsi muEurope neUnited States inodarika zviuru makumi matatu zvemadhora.
KuChina, mota dzemagetsi dzinotengeswa zvakanyanya muna 2022 iWuling Mini BEV, mota diki ine mutengo uri pasi pemadhora matanhatu nemazana mashanu, uye BYD Dolphin mota diki ine mutengo uri pasi pemadhora zviuru gumi nematanhatu. Pamwe chete, mamodheru maviri aya anotora chikamu chegumi neshanu muzana chekukura kweChina mukutengesa mota dzemagetsi dzinotakura vanhu, zvichiratidza kudiwa kwemamodeli madiki. Mukuenzanisa, motokari duku dzemagetsi dzinotengeswa zvakanyanya muFrance, Germany neUK - Fiat 500, Peugeot e-208 uye Renault Zoe - inodhura madhora makumi matatu nemashanu. Motokari shoma dzemagetsi dzese dzinotengeswa muUS, kunyanya Chevrolet Bolt neMini Cooper BEV, idzo dzinoita madhora zviuru makumi matatu. Tesla Model Y ndiyo motokari yevafambi inotengeswa zvakanyanya BEV mune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope (inodarika madhora makumi matanhatu neshanu) uye United States (inodarika zviuru gumi zvemadhora). 50,000).6
Vagadziri vemotokari vekuChina vakatarisa mukugadzira madiki, anodhura mamodheru pamberi pevamwe vavo vekunze, vachidzikisa mitengo mushure memakore emakwikwi akanyanya epamba. Kubva ku2000s, mazana evagadziri vemotokari maduku emagetsi akapinda mumusika, achibatsirwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzehurumende dzinotsigira zvirongwa, kusanganisira rubatsiro uye zvinokurudzira vatengi nevagadziri. Mazhinji emakambani aya akadzingwa mumakwikwi sezvo rubatsiro rwakabviswa uye musika wabva wabatanidzwa nevatungamiriri gumi nevaviri vakabudirira kugadzira mota diki uye dzakachipa dzemagetsi pamusika weChina. Iko kusanganisa kwakamira kwebhatiri nemotokari yemagetsi yekugovera cheni, kubva pakugadzirisa zvicherwa kusvika pakugadzira bhatiri nemotokari dzemagetsi, uye kuwana basa rakachipa, kugadzira uye mari mubhodhi iri zvakare kufambisa kuvandudzwa kwemhando dzakachipa.
Zvichakadaro, vagadziri vemotokari muEurope neUS - vangave vagadziri vekutanga vakaita saTesla kana vatambi vakuru varipo - kusvika parizvino vakanyanya kutarisisa mhando dzakakura, dzeumbozha, nekudaro vachipa zvishoma kumusika mukuru. Nekudaro, iwo madiki akasiyana anowanikwa munyika idzi anowanzo kupa mashandiro ari nani pane ayo ari kuChina, senge kureba. Muna 2022, kutengesa-kuremerwa mileage yemotokari diki dzemagetsi dzinotengeswa kuUS dzichasvika makiromita mazana matatu nemakumi mashanu, nepo muFrance, Germany neUK nhamba iyi ichangopfuura makiromita mazana matatu, uye muChina nhamba iyi ishoma. pamusoro pe220 km. Mune zvimwe zvikamu, misiyano haina kukosha. Kuzivikanwa kwezviteshi zvekuchaja veruzhinji muChina kunogona kutsanangura kuti sei vatengi veChinese vachinyanya kusarudza yakaderera pane vatengi vekuEurope kana vekuAmerica.
Tesla akacheka mitengo pamhando dzayo kaviri muna 2022 sezvo makwikwi ari kuwedzera uye vazhinji vanogadzira mota vazivisa sarudzo dzakachipa kwemakore mashoma anotevera. Nepo zvirevo izvi zvichikodzera kumwe ongororo, maitiro aya anogona kuratidza kuti musiyano wemitengo pakati pemotokari diki dzemagetsi nemotokari dziripo dzeinjini yekupisa inogona kuvhara zvishoma nezvishoma mukati memakore gumi.
Pakazosvika 2022, misika mitatu mikuru yemotokari dzemagetsi - China, Europe neUS - ichaverengera chikamu che95% chekutengesa pasi rose. Emerging Markets and Emerging Economies (EMDEs) kunze kweChina account kune chikamu chidiki chete chemusika wepasirese mota dzemagetsi. Kudiwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi kwakawedzera mumakore achangopfuura, asi kutengesa kunoramba kwakaderera.
Kunyange zvazvo misika ichiri kusimukira nenyika dzichiri kusimukira dzichiwanzo kurumidza kutora zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvechizvino-zvino zvinodhura zvakaita sema smartphones, makomputa nemidziyo yakabatana, mota dzemagetsi dzinoramba dzichidhura kune vanhu vazhinji. Maererano neongororo yakaitwa munguva pfupi yapfuura, vanopfuura 50 muzana yevakabvunzwa muGhana vangatotenga motokari yemagetsi pane injini inopisa moto, asi inopfuura hafu yevatengi ivavo havadi kushandisa mari inodarika $20,000 pamotokari yemagetsi. Chipingamupinyi chinogona kuve kushaikwa kwekuchaja kwakavimbika uye kusingadhuri, pamwe nekukwanisa kushomeka kwesevhisi, kugadzirisa uye kuchengetedza mota dzemagetsi. Mumisika mizhinji ichiri kusimukira uye nyika dzichiri kusimukira, zvifambiso zvemumigwagwa zvichiri zvakanyanya kubva pazvigadziriso zvidiki zvekufambisa munzvimbo dzemudhorobha senge mavhiri maviri nematatu, izvo zviri kuita nhanho huru mukuisa magetsi nekubatana kuti vabudirire munzendo dzedunhu kuenda kubasa. Kutenga maitiro kwakasiyanawo, nevaridzi vemotokari yakazvimirira yakaderera uye yakashandiswa kutenga mota yakajairika. Tichitarisa kumberi, nepo kutengesa kwemotokari dzemagetsi (dzose nyowani uye dzakashandiswa) mumusika uchiri kusimukira uye nyika dzichiri kusimukira zvinotarisirwa kukura, nyika zhinji dzinogona kuramba dzichivimba zvakanyanya nemavhiri maviri nematatu. zvinoreva (ona motokari mumushumo uyu).chikamu) ).
Muna 2022, kuchave nekuwanda kwakakosha mumotokari dzemagetsi muIndia, Thailand neIndonesia. Pamwe chete, kutengesa kweEV munyika idzi kwakapfuura zvakapetwa katatu kubvira 2021 kusvika kunosvika zviuru makumi masere. Kutengeswa muna 2022 kwakakwira zvakapetwa kanomwe kupfuura muna 2019 dambudziko reCovid-19 risati rasvika. Kusiyana neizvi, kutengesa mune mamwe misika iri kusimukira uye nyika dzichiri kusimukira zvaive zvakaderera.
MuIndia, kutengesa kweEV kuchasvika kunosvika zviuru makumi mashanu muna 50,000, zvakapetwa kana kupfuura muna 2021, uye kutengeswa kwemotokari kwakazara kuchakura nepasi pegumi neshanu muzana. Inotungamira mugadziri wepamba Tata akaverengera kupfuura 85% yeBEV kutengesa, nepo kutengesa kweiyo diki BEV Tigor/Tiago yakapetwa kana. Kutengeswa kweplug-in hybrid mota muIndia zvichiri pedyo ne zero. Makambani matsva emotokari dzemagetsi ave kubheja paHurumende yeProduction Incentive Scheme (PLI), chirongwa cherubatsiro chinosvika mabhiriyoni maviri emadhora chakanangana nekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi uye zvikamu zvadzo. Chirongwa ichi chakwezva mari inosvika mabhiriyoni masere nemazana matatu emadhora.
Nekudaro, musika weIndia parizvino uchiri wakatarisana nekugovaniswa uye kudiki kufamba. Pakazosvika 2022, 25% yeEV inotengwa muIndia ichaitwa nevafambisi vezvikepe semataxi. Mukutanga kwa2023, Tata yakagamuchira hombe kubva kuUber ye25,000 mota dzemagetsi. Zvakare, nepo 55% yemavhiri matatu anotengeswa imotokari dzemagetsi, isingasviki 2% yemotokari dzinotengeswa imotokari dzemagetsi. Ola, India hombe yemotokari yemagetsi kambani nemari, haisati yapa mota dzemagetsi. Ola, iyo panzvimbo pacho inotarisa pakufamba kwakaderera, inotarisira kupeta simba rayo remagetsi maviri-mavhiri maviri kusvika pakupera kwa2023 uye inosvika pahuwandu hwegore negore hwemamiriyoni gumi pakati pe2025 ne2028. Kambani inorongawo kuvaka lithium-ion bhatiri. chirimwa chine simba rekutanga re5 GWh, nekuwedzera kusvika ku100 GWh panosvika 2030. Ola anoronga kutanga kutengesa mota dzemagetsi. kune bhizinesi rayo rematekisi panosvika 2024 uye kuzadza zvizere zvikepe zvaro zvetekisi panosvika 2029, apo ichitanga bhizinesi rayo rekutanga uye musika wemagetsi emagetsi. Iyo kambani yakazivisa mari inodarika mamirioni mazana mapfumbamwe emadhora mukugadzira bhatiri nemotokari yemagetsi kumaodzanyemba kweIndia uye yakawedzera kugadzirwa kwegore kubva ku100,000 kusvika ku140,000 mota.
MuThailand, kutengesa kweEV kwakapetwa kaviri kusvika kumakumi maviri nerimwe, nekutengesa kwakakamurwa zvakaenzana pakati pemotokari dzemagetsi dzakachena uye mahybrids eplug-in. Kukura kwehuwandu hwevagadziri vemotokari vekuChina kwakawedzera kugamuchirwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi munyika. Muna 2021, Great Wall Motors, mugadziri weinjini huru yeChinese (OEM), akaunza Euler Haomao BEV kumusika weThai, inova mota yemagetsi inotengeswa zvakanyanya muThailand muna 2022 nekutengesa kweanosvika zviuru zvina. Yechipiri neyechitatu mota dzinonyanya kufarirwa imotokari dzeChinese dzakagadzirwa neShanghai Automotive Industry (SAIC), hapana kana imwe yadzo dzakatengeswa muThailand muna 2020. Vagadziri vemotokari vekuChina vakakwanisa kudzikisa mutengo wemotokari dzemagetsi kubva kune vakwikwidzi vekunze. yakapinda mumusika weThai, wakadai seBMW neMercedes, nekudaro ichikwezva hwaro hwevatengi. Pamusoro pezvo, hurumende yeThai inopa kwakasiyana mari yekurudziro yemotokari dzemagetsi, kusanganisira rubatsiro, kubvisirwa mutero, uye kudzoreredza mutero wekunze, izvo zvinogona kubatsira kuwedzera kukwezva kwemotokari dzemagetsi. Tesla anoronga kupinda mumusika weThai muna 2023 uye kupinda mukugadzirwa kwema supercharger.
MuIndonesia, kutengeswa kwemotokari dzakachena dzemagetsi kwakawedzera kanopfuura ka14 kusvika kune zviuru gumi, nepo kutengesa kweplug-in mahybrids kwakaramba kuri pedyo ne zero. Muna Kurume 2023, Indonesia yakazivisa kukurudzira kutsva kutsigira kutengesa kwemagetsi mavhiri maviri, mota nemabhazi, zvine chinangwa chekusimbisa mota dzemagetsi epamba uye kugadzirwa kwebhatiri kuburikidza nezvinodiwa zvenzvimbo. Hurumende inoronga kupa rubatsiro rwekutengesa kwe200,000 yemagetsi maviri-mavhiri uye 36,000 motokari dzemagetsi ne2023 nekutengesa zvikamu zve4 muzana uye 5 muzana, maererano. Rubatsiro rutsva urwu runogona kuderedza mitengo yemagetsi maviri-mavhiri ne25-50% kuvabatsira kukwikwidza nevamwe vavo veICE. Indonezhiya inoita basa rakakosha mumotokari yemagetsi uye bhatiri rekutengesa, kunyanya ichipihwa hupfumi hwayo hwezvicherwa uye chimiro seyakakura pasi rose inogadzira nickel ore. Izvi zvakwezva mari kubva kumakambani epasi rose, uye Indonesia inogona kuve nzvimbo huru yedunhu rekugadzira mabhatiri uye zvikamu.
Kuwanikwa kwemuenzaniso kunoramba kuri dambudziko mumisika ichiri kusimukira uye nyika dzichiri kusimukira, iine mhando dzakawanda dzinotengeswa zvakanyanya kuzvikamu zveprimiyamu senge maSUV uye mahombe emhando yepamusoro. Nepo maSUV ari maitiro epasirese, simba shoma rekutenga mumisika iri kusimukira uye nyika dzichiri kusimukira zvinoita kuti mota dzakadai dzisaite. Mumatunhu akasiyana akafukidzwa muchikamu chino chemushumo, kune huwandu hunodarika makumi matanhatu emisika iri kusimukira nenyika dzichiri kusimukira, kusanganisira idzo dzinotsigirwa neGlobal Environment Facility's (GEF) Global Electric Mobility Program, uko huwandu hwemhando dzemotokari hombe dziripo. mari panosvika 2022 ichave yakapetwa kaviri kusvika katanhatu kupfuura mabhizinesi madiki.
MuAfrica, mota yemagetsi inotengeswa zvakanyanya muna 2022 ichave Hyundai Kona (pure electric crossover), nepo Porsche's hombe uye inodhura Taycan BEV ine rekodhi yekutengesa ingangoenzana neNissan's midsize Leaf BEV. Magetsi SUVs zvakare anotengesa zvakapetwa kasere kupfuura mota mbiri dzemagetsi dzinotengeswa zvakanyanya dzakasanganiswa: iyo Mini Cooper SE BEV uye Renault Zoe BEV. KuIndia, EV modhi inotengeswa zvakanyanya iTata Nexon BEV crossover, ine mayunitsi anopfuura 32,000 akatengeswa, zvakapetwa katatu pane inotevera inotengeswa zvakanyanya modhi, diki yeTata Tigor/Tiago BEV. Mumisika yese iri kusimukira uye nyika dzichiri kusimukira dzakafukidzwa pano, kutengesa kwemagetsi SUVs kwakasvika 45,000 mauniti, kupfuura kutengesa kwediki (23,000) uye midsize (16,000) mota dzemagetsi dzakabatanidzwa. MuCosta Rica, iyo ine kutengeswa kukuru kweEV muLatin America, mana chete emhando makumi maviri epamusoro asiri maSUV, uye chinenge chikamu chimwe muzvitatu imhando dzeumbozha. Ramangwana rekuiswa kwemagetsi akawanda mumisika ichiri kusimukira uye nyika dzichiri kusimukira zvinoenderana nekugadzirwa kwemotokari diki uye dzinodhura dzemagetsi, pamwe nemavhiri maviri nematatu.
Musiyano wakakosha pakuongorora kuvandudzwa kwemusika wemotokari ndiwo musiyano pakati pekunyoresa uye kutengesa. Kunyoreswa kutsva kunoreva huwandu hwemotokari dzakanyoreswa zviri pamutemo nemapazi ehurumende akakodzera kana masangano einishuwarenzi kekutanga, kusanganisira mota dzemumba neyekunze. Huwandu hwekutengesa hunogona kureva mota dzinotengeswa nevatengesi kana vatengesi (vatengesi vezvitoro), kana mota dzinotengeswa nevanogadzira mota kune vatengesi (ex works, kureva, kusanganisira kunze kwenyika). Paunenge uchiongorora musika wemotokari, sarudzo yezviratidzo inogona kuve yakakosha. Kuve nechokwadi chekuverengera kunoenderana munyika dzese uye kudzivirira kuverenga kaviri pasirese, saizi yemusika wemotokari mushumo uyu wakavakirwa pakunyoresa kutsva kwemotokari (kana iripo) uye kutengesa kwezvitoro, kwete kuendeswa kwefekitori.
Kukosha kweizvi kunonyatso kuratidzwa nemaitiro emusika wemotokari weChina muna 2022. Mafekitari anounzwa (akaverengerwa sevhoriyamu yekutengesa) mumusika wemotokari dzevatyairi weChina anonzi anowedzera ne7% kusvika 10% muna 2022, nepo kunyoreswa kwekambani yeinishuwarenzi kunoratidza. misika yemumba inononoka mugore rimwe chete. Kuwedzera uku kwakaonekwa mune data kubva kuChina Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM), iyo yepamutemo data sosi yeChina auto indasitiri. CAAM data inounganidzwa kubva kune vanogadzira mota uye inomiririra kuendeswa kwefekitori. Imwezve inodudzwa zvakanyanya iChina Passenger Car Association (CPCA), sangano risiri rehurumende rinotengesa, retails, uye kutengesa mota kunze kwenyika, asi haina mvumo yekupa huwandu hwenyika uye haivhare maOEM ese, nepo CAAM ichidaro. . China Automotive Technology uye Research Center (CATARC), tangi yehurumende, inounganidza data yekugadzira motokari zvichienderana nenhamba dzekuzivikanwa dzemotokari uye nhamba dzekutengesa motokari zvichienderana nedata rekunyoresa inishuwarenzi. KuChina, inishuwarenzi yemotokari inopihwa mota yacho pachayo, kwete yemutyairi wega, saka zvinobatsira pakuchengeta huwandu hwemotokari dziri mumugwagwa, kusanganisira dzinobva kunze. Misiyano mikuru pakati peCATARC dhata uye mamwe masosi ane hukama nemauto anotengesa kunze uye asina kunyoreswa kana zvimwe zvishandiso, pamwe nemasheya evagadziri vemotokari.
Kukura nekukurumidza kwehuwandu hwemotokari dzevatakuri dzinotengeswa kunze kwenyika muna 2022 kunoita kuti mutsauko uripo pakati peaya masosi data utonyanya kutaurwa. Muna 2022, kutengeswa kwemotokari dzevatakuri kuchawedzera ne60% kusvika pamusoro pemamiriyoni maviri nemazana mashanu emamiriyoni, nepo kutakura kwemotokari dzevatakuri kunoderera ne20% (kubva pa950,000 kusvika 770,000 units).