IEA (2023), Pono ea Global Electric Vehicle 2023, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2023, License: CC BY 4.0
Leha ho na le litšitiso tsa phepelo ea thepa, ho se tsitse ha maemo a macroeconomic le geopolitical, le litheko tse phahameng tsa thepa le matla, thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase1 e tla fihla holimo ka ho fetesisa ka 2022. Keketseho ea thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase e tla khahlano le mokokotlo oa 'maraka o ntseng o putlama oa likoloi lefatšeng ka bophara: koloi eohle. thekiso ka 2022 e tla ba ka tlase ho 3% ho feta ka 2021. Lithekiso tsa likoloi tsa motlakase, ho kenyelletsa le likoloi tsa motlakase oa betri (BEVs) le likoloi tsa motlakase tse nyalisitsoeng (PHEVs), li fetile limilione tse 10 selemong se fetileng, ho tloha 55% ho tloha 2021.2.Palo ena - likoloi tsa motlakase tse limilione tse 10 tse rekisoang lefatšeng ka bophara - li feta palo eohle ea likoloi tse rekisoang ho EU eohle (e ka bang limilione tse 9,5) le hoo e batlang e le halofo ea likoloi tsohle tse rekisoang EU.Ho rekisoa ha likoloi Chaena ka 2022. Lilemong tse hlano feela, ho tloha 2017 ho ea ho 2022, thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase e ile ea theoha ho tloha ho pota limilione tse 1 ho ea ho tse fetang limilione tse 10.E ne e nka lilemo tse hlano, ho tloha 2012 ho ea ho 2017, bakeng sa thekiso ea EV ho tloha ho 100,000 ho ea ho limilione tse 1, e totobatsang tlhaho e hlakileng ea kholo ea thekiso ea EV.Kabelo ea likoloi tsa motlakase thekisong ea likoloi kaofela e nyolohile ho tloha ho 9% ka 2021 ho ea ho 14% ka 2022, ho feta makhetlo a 10 ho karolo ea bona ka 2017.
Keketseho ea thekiso e tla tlisa palo eohle ea likoloi tsa motlakase litseleng tsa lefats'e ho limilione tse 26, ho nyoloha ka 60% ho tloha 2021, ka likoloi tse hloekileng tsa motlakase tse ikarabellang ho feta 70% ea keketseho ea selemo le selemo, joalo ka lilemong tse fetileng.Ka lebaka leo, ka 2022, hoo e ka bang 70% ea likoloi tsa likoloi tsa motlakase lefatšeng ka bophara e tla ba likoloi tsa motlakase feela.Ka mantsoe a felletseng, kholo ea thekiso lipakeng tsa 2021 le 2022 e tla ba holimo joalo ka lipakeng tsa 2020 le 2021 - keketseho ea likoloi tse limilione tse 3.5 - empa kholo e lekanyelitsoeng e tlase (thekiso e tla habeli pakeng tsa 2020 le 2021).Tsoelo-pele e sa tloaelehang ka 2021 e kanna ea ba ka lebaka la 'maraka oa likoloi tsa motlakase o fihlileng kamora seoa sa coronavirus (Covid-19).Ha ho bapisoa le lilemo tse fetileng, sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo sa thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase ka 2022 se tšoana le sekhahla sa kholo ea 2015-2018, mme sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo sa beng ba likoloi tsa motlakase lefatšeng ka bophara ka 2022 se tšoana le sekhahla sa kholo ka 2021 le ho feta.Ka nako ea 2015-2018.Mmaraka oa likoloi tsa motlakase o khutlela kapele ho lebelo la pele ho seoa.
Keketseho ea thekiso ea EV e fapane ho ea ka libaka le motlakase, empa e ile ea tsoela pele ho laoloa ke People's Republic of China (“China”).Ka 2022, thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase Chaena e tla eketseha ka 60% ha e bapisoa le 2021 ho isa ho limilione tse 4.4, 'me thekiso ea likoloi tsa plug-in e tla batla e imenne hararo ho isa ho limilione tse 1.5.Khōlo e potlakileng ea thekiso ea PHEV ha e bapisoa le BEV e tšoanela boithuto bo bong lilemong tse tlang kaha thekiso ea PHEV e lula e fokola ka kakaretso 'me joale ho ka etsahala hore e fihlelle ka mor'a Covid-19 boom;Litheko tsa EV li imenne hararo ho tloha 2020 ho isa 2021. Leha thekiso ea likoloi kaofela ka 2022 e theohile ka 3% ho tloha 2021, thekiso ea EV e ntse e eketseha.
China e etsa hoo e ka bang 60% ea ngoliso e ncha ea likoloi tsa motlakase lefatšeng.Ka 2022, ka lekhetlo la pele, Chaena e tla ikarabella ho feta 50% ea palo eohle ea likoloi tsa motlakase litseleng tsa lefats'e, e tla ba likoloi tse limilione tse 13.8.Kholo ena e matla ke sephetho sa lilemo tse fetang leshome tsa ts'ehetso e tsoelang pele ea leano bakeng sa ba amohelang pele, ho kenyeletsoa katoloso ho fihlela bofelong ba 2022 ea likhothaletso tsa mabenkele tse neng li reretsoe ho fela ka 2020 ka lebaka la Covid-19, ho kenyelletsa le litlhahiso tse kang Charge Infrastructure. Ho phatlalatsoa ka potlako naheng ea China le leano le tiileng la ngoliso bakeng sa likoloi tseo e seng tsa motlakase.
Karolo ea likoloi tsa motlakase ka kakaretso ea thekiso ea likoloi 'marakeng oa lehae oa Chaena e tla fihla ho 29% ka 2022, ho tloha ho 16% ka 2021 le ka tlase ho 6% pakeng tsa 2018 le 2020. Kahoo, Chaena e fihletse sepheo sa eona sa naha sa ho finyella karolo ea 20 lekholong ea thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase ka 2025. - Letsetsa New Energy Vehicle (NEV)3 esale pele.Lits'oants'o tsohle li supa kholo e kholo: leha Lekala la China la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso (MIIT), le ikarabellang indastering ea likoloi, le e-so ntlafatse lipehelo tsa eona tsa thekiso ea NEV ea naha, sepheo sa ho fana ka motlakase o eketsehileng oa lipalangoang tsa litsela se netefalitsoe. bakeng sa selemo se tlang.2019. Litokomane tse 'maloa tsa maano.China e ikemiselitse ho fihlela karolo ea 50 lekholong ea thekiso sebakeng seo ho thoeng ke "libaka tsa bohlokoa tsa ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea moea" le karolo ea 40 lekholong ea thekiso naheng ka bophara ka 2030 ho tšehetsa leano la ts'ebetso la naha la ho phahamisa khabone.Haeba litloaelo tsa morao-rao tsa mebaraka li ntse li tsoela pele, sepheo sa China sa 2030 se ka fihlelleha haufinyane.Mebuso ea liprofinse le eona e tšehetsa ho kengoa tšebetsong ha NEV, ’me ho fihlela joale liprofinse tse 18 li se li ipehetse lipehelo tsa NEV.
Tšehetso ea libaka tsa Chaena e boetse e thusitse ho hlahisa tse ling tsa baetsi ba likoloi tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng.Ntlo-kholo ea BYD e Shenzhen, e fana ka boholo ba libese le litekesi tsa motlakase tsa toropo, 'me boetapele ba eona bo bonahala hape takatsong ea Shenzhen ea ho fihlela karolo ea 60 lekholong ea thekiso ea likoloi tse ncha ka 2025. Guangzhou e ikemiselitse ho fihlela karolo ea 50% ea koloi e ncha ea matla. thekiso ka 2025, ho thusa Xpeng Motors ho hola le ho ba e mong oa baetapele ba likoloi tsa motlakase naheng.
Ho ntse ho sa hlaka hore na karolo ea China ea thekiso ea EV e tla lula e le ka holimo ho sepheo sa 20% ka 2023, kaha thekiso e ka 'na ea e-ba matla ka ho khetheha kaha ts'usumetso e lebelletsoe ho felisoa bofelong ba 2022. Thekiso ka Pherekhong 2023 e theohile haholo, leha ho le joalo. karolo ena e ne e le ka lebaka la nako ea Selemo se Secha sa Machaena, 'me ha se bapisoa le Pherekhong 2022, li ne li theohile ka hoo e ka bang 10%.Leha ho le joalo, ka February le March 2023, thekiso ea EV e tla tšoara, e leng hoo e ka bang 60% e phahameng ho feta ka February 2022 le ho feta 25% e phahameng ho feta February 2022. e phahameng ho feta thekiso ka March 2022, e bakang thekiso karolong ea pele ea 2023 e phahame ho feta 20% ho feta kotareng ea pele ea 2022.
Europe4, thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase ka 2022 e tla hola ho feta 15% ha e bapisoa le 2021, e fihla ho li-unit tse limilione tse 2,7.Kholo ea thekiso e potlakile lilemong tse fetileng, ka sekhahla sa kholo ea selemo le selemo se fetang 65% ka 2021 le sekhahla sa kholo ea 40% ka 2017-2019.Ka 2022, thekiso ea BEV e tla hola ka 30% ha e bapisoa le 2021 (ho nyoloha ka 65% ka 2021 ha ho bapisoa le 2020), athe thekiso ea hybrid plug-in e tla fokotseha ka hoo e ka bang 3%.Europe e bile karolo ea 10% ea kholo ea lefats'e ea thekiso ea likoloi tse ncha tsa motlakase.Leha ho na le kholo e ntseng e fokotseha ka 2022, thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase Europe e ntse e hola nakong ea konteraka e ntseng e tsoela pele ea 'maraka oa likoloi, ka thekiso e felletseng ea likoloi Europe ka 2022 e theohile ka 3% ha e bapisoa le 2021.
Ho theoha butle ha Europe ha ho bapisoa le lilemo tse fetileng ho bonts'a kholo e ikhethang thekisong ea likoloi tsa motlakase tsa EU ka 2020 le 2021 ha bahlahisi ba fetola kapele maano a bona a khoebo ho fihlela litekanyetso tse amohetsoeng tsa CO2 ka 2019. Litekanyetso li akaretsa nako ea 2020-2024, le EU- lipehelo tse pharalletseng tsa tlhahiso ea likhase li ntse li eketseha ho tloha ka 2025 le 2030.
Litheko tse phahameng tsa matla ka 2022 li tla ba le litlamorao tse rarahaneng bakeng sa tlholisano ea likoloi tsa motlakase khahlano le likoloi tse tukang ka hare ho naha (ICE).Litheko tsa peterole le diesel bakeng sa likoloi tse tukang ka hare li phahame haholo, empa maemong a mang, likoloto tsa motlakase oa bolulo (tse amanang le ho tjhaja) le tsona li nyolohile.Litheko tse phahameng tsa motlakase le khase li boetse li phahamisa litšenyehelo tsa ho hlahisa lienjineri tse tukang ka hare le likoloi tsa motlakase, 'me baetsi ba likoloi ba bang ba lumela hore litheko tse phahameng tsa matla li ka fokotsa matsete a nako e tlang molemong oa betri e ncha.
Ka 2022, Europe e tla lula e le 'maraka oa bobeli o moholo oa EV lefatšeng ka mor'a China, e ikarabellang bakeng sa 25% ea kakaretso ea thekiso ea EV le 30% ea beng ba lefats'e.Kabelo ea thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase e tla fihla ho 21% ha e bapisoa le 18% ka 2021, 10% ka 2020 le ka tlase ho 3% ka 2019. Linaha tsa Europe li tsoela pele ho ba boemong bo phahameng ka karolo ea thekiso ea EV, le Norway e etellang pele ka 88%, Sweden e nang le 54%, Netherlands e nang le 35%, Jeremane e nang le 31%, UK e nang le 23% le Fora e nang le 21% ka 2022. Jeremane ke 'maraka o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa Europe ka thekiso ea thekiso, ka thekiso ea 830,000 ka 2022, e lateloa ke UK le 370,000 le Fora ka 330,000.Lithekiso tsa Spain le tsona li ile tsa feta 80,000.Kabelo ea likoloi tsa motlakase thekisong ea likoloi kaofela Jeremane e eketsehile ka makhetlo a leshome ha e bapisoa le pele ho Covid-19, ka lebaka la karolo e 'ngoe ea tšehetso e eketsehileng ea kamora koluoa e kang khothatso ea ho reka Umweltbonus, hammoho le thekiso ea pele e lebelletsoeng ho tloha 2023 ho isa 2022. selemong sena, lithuso li tla fokotseha hape.Leha ho le joalo, Italy, thekiso ea EV e theohile ho tloha ho 140,000 ka 2021 ho isa ho 115,000 ka 2022, ha Austria, Denmark le Finland le tsona li bone ho fokotseha kapa ho ema.
Lithekiso tsa Europe li lebelletsoe ho tsoela pele ho hola, haholo kamora liphetoho tsa morao-rao tsa maano tlasa lenaneo la Fit for 55.Melao e ncha e behile litekanyetso tse thata tsa tlhahiso ea CO2 bakeng sa 2030-2034 'me e ikemiselitse ho fokotsa likhase tsa CO2 ho tsoa likoloing tse ncha le likoloing tse ncha ka 100% ho tloha 2035 ho bapisoa le maemo a 2021.Ka nako e khuts'oane, likhothaletso tse lipakeng tsa 2025 le 2029 li tla putsa bahlahisi ba fihlelang karolo ea 25% ea thekiso ea likoloi (17% bakeng sa liveni) bakeng sa likoloi tsa zero kapa tse tlase.Likhoeling tse peli tsa pele tsa 2023, thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase e ile ea eketseha ka 30% selemo le selemo, ha thekiso ea likoloi e eketsehile ka 10% selemo le selemo.
Naheng ea Amerika, thekiso ea EV e tla hola ka 55% ka 2022 ha e bapisoa le 2021, ha li-EV feela li etella pele.Thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase e nyolohile ka 70% ho isa ho li-unit tse ka bang 800,000, e tšoaeang selemo sa bobeli sa kholo e matla kamora ho theoha ha 2019-2020.Litheko tse nyalisitsoeng tsa plug-in le tsona li ile tsa phahama, leha e le ka 15% feela.Keketseho ea thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase tsa US e matla haholo kaha thekiso ea likoloi kaofela ka 2022 e theohile ka 8% ho tloha 2021, e kaholimo ho karolelano ea lefatše ea -3%.Ka kakaretso, US e ikarabella bakeng sa karolo ea 10 lekholong ea kholo ea thekiso ea lefatše.Palo eohle ea likoloi tsa motlakase e tla fihla ho limilione tse 3, e leng 40% ho feta ka 2021, e tla ba 10% ea palo eohle ea likoloi tsa motlakase lefatšeng.Likoloi tsa motlakase li nkile karolo ea 8% ea thekiso ea likoloi kaofela, ho tloha ho 5% ka 2021 le hoo e ka bang 2% lipakeng tsa 2018 le 2020.
Ho na le mabaka a 'maloa a tlatsetsang ho eketseha ha thekiso ea US.Mefuta e theko e tlaase ho feta e fanoeng ke moetapele oa nalane Tesla e ka thusa ho koala lekhalo la phepelo.Ha lik'hamphani tse kholo tse kang Tesla le General Motors li ntse li otla siling ea lithuso lilemong tse fetileng ka tšehetso e tsoang United States, ho qala ha lik'hamphani tse ling tsa mefuta e mecha ho bolela hore bareki ba bangata ba ka rua molemo ho fihlela ho $7,500 7,500 ho khothatso ea ho reka.Ha mebuso le likhoebo li ntse li atamela ho kenya motlakase, tlhokomeliso e ntse e eketseha: ka 2022, motho a le mong ho ba bane ba Amerika o lebeletse hore koloi ea bona e latelang e tla ba motlakase, ho latela AAA.Leha meaho ea litšebeletso tsa ho tjhaja le sebaka sa maeto se ntlafetse lilemong tsa morao tjena, e ntse e le phephetso e kholo ho bakhanni ba US, ha ho nahanoa ka maeto a malelele, ho kenella ho tlase, le boteng bo fokolang ba mekhoa e meng e kang ea terene.Leha ho le joalo, ka 2021, molao oa litšebeletso tsa motheo oa bipartisan o ile oa eketsa tšehetso ea ho lefisa likoloi tsa motlakase ka ho abela lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 5 ka kakaretso lipakeng tsa 2022 le 2026 ka Lenaneo la Naha la Meralo ea Likoloi tsa Motlakase le ho amohela Lenaneo la Naha la Meralo ea Likoloi tsa Motlakase ka ho abela US $ 2.5 bilione ho mofuta oa lithuso tsa tlholisano.Sekema sa Ditjhelete sa Ditjhelete tsa Motheo ka Boiketlo.
Ho potlakisa kholo ea thekiso ho ka 'na ha tsoela pele ho fihlela ka 2023 le ho feta, ka lebaka la leano le lecha la tšehetso la morao-rao (sheba Outlook Vehicle Deployment Outlook).Molao oa Phokotso ea Litheko (IRA) o hlohlelitse lets'oao la lefats'e la lik'hamphani tsa likoloi tsa motlakase ho holisa ts'ebetso ea tlhahiso ho la US.Pakeng tsa Phato 2022 le Hlakubele 2023, baetsi ba likoloi tse kholo tsa motlakase le libeteri ba phatlalalitse letsete la $ 52 bilione ho phepelo ea likoloi tsa motlakase Amerika Leboea, moo 50% e neng e sebelisetsoa tlhahiso ea betri, ha likarolo tsa betri le tlhahiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase li ka bang 20. limilione tse likete tsa US.limilione tse likete tsa US.%.Ka kakaretso, liphatlalatso tsa k'hamphani li kenyelelitse boitlamo ba pele ba ho tsetela bokamosong ba tlhahiso ea likoloi le likoloi tsa motlakase tsa US, e ka bang $ 7.5 bilione ho isa ho $108 billion.Ka mohlala, Tesla e rera ho tsamaisa setsi sa eona sa betri sa Gigafactory lithium-ion Berlin ho ea Texas, moo e tla sebelisana le CATL ea Chaena ho hlahisa likoloi tsa motlakase tsa moloko o latelang Mexico.Ford e boetse e phatlalalitse tumellano le Ningde Times ea ho aha polante ea betri ea Michigan mme e rera ho eketsa tlhahiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase makhetlo a ts'eletseng bofelong ba 2023 ha e bapisoa le 2022, ho fihlela likoloi tse 600,000 ka selemo le ho eketsa tlhahiso ho likoloi tse limilione tse 2 bofelong ba 2022. ea selemo.2026. BMW e rera ho atolosa tlhahiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase setsing sa eona sa South Carolina ka mor'a IRA.Volkswagen e khethile Canada bakeng sa semela sa eona sa pele sa betri kantle ho Europe, ka lebaka la ho qala ts'ebetso ka 2027, mme e tsetela $ 2 bilione femeng e South Carolina.Le ha matsete ana a lebelletsoe ho lebisa kholong e matla lilemong tse tlang, tšusumetso ea bona e felletseng e kanna ea se ke ea utloahala ho fihlela 2024, ha semela se kena inthaneteng.
Ka nako e khuts'oane, IRA e ile ea fokotsa litlhoko tsa ho kenya letsoho molemong oa ho reka, kaha likoloi li tlameha ho etsoa Amerika Leboea hore li khone ho fumana thuso.Leha ho le joalo, thekiso ea EV e ntse e le matla ho tloha ka Phato 2022 mme likhoeling tse 'maloa tsa pele tsa 2023 e tla ba mokhelo, ha thekiso ea EV e nyolohile ka 60% kotareng ea pele ea 2023 ha e bapisoa le nako e ts'oanang ka 2022, e kanna ea angoa ke ho hlakoloa ha Pherekhong. 2023 Ho fokotsa thuso ea Moetsi.Sena se bolela hore mehlala e tsoang ho baetapele ba mebaraka joale e ka thabela litheolelo ha e reka.Ha nako e ntse e ea, lenane la mehlala e tšoanelehang bakeng sa thuso e lebelletsoe ho atoloha.
Matšoao a pele a thekiso karolong ea pele ea 2023 a supa tšepo, e matlafalitsoeng ke litšenyehelo tse tlase le tšehetso e eketsehileng ea lipolotiki limmarakeng tsa bohlokoa tse kang US.Kahoo, ka likoloi tsa motlakase tse fetang limilione tse 2.3 tse seng li rekisitsoe karolong ea pele ea selemo sena, re lebeletse hore thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase e fihle ho limilione tse 14 ka 2023. Sena se bolela hore thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase ka 2023 e tla hōla ka 35% ha e bapisoa le 2022, 'me karolo ea thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase lefatšeng ka bophara e tla eketseha ho tloha ho 14% ka 2022 ho isa ho 18%.
Lithekiso tsa likoloi tsa motlakase likhoeling tse tharo tse qalang tsa 2023 li bontša matšoao a kholo e matla ha li bapisoa le nako e tšoanang ea 2022. US, likoloi tse fetang 320,000 tsa motlakase li tla rekisoa karolong ea pele ea 2023, ho fihlela 60% ho tloha nakong e tšoanang. ka 2022. Nako e ts'oanang ka 2022. Hona joale re lebeletse hore kholo ena e tsoele pele ho pholletsa le selemo, ka thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase e fetang li-unit tse limilione tse 1.5 ka 2023, e leng se hlahisang karolo e hakanyetsoang ea 12% ea thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase tsa US ka 2023.
Chaena, thekiso ea EV e qalile hampe ka 2023, 'me thekiso ea January e theohile ka 8% ho tloha ka January 2022. Lintlha tsa morao-rao tse fumanehang li bontša hore thekiso ea EV e hlaphoheloa ka potlako, ha thekiso ea EV ea Chaena e feta 20% karolong ea pele ea 2023 ha e bapisoa le ea pele. kotara ea 2022, e nang le li-EV tse fetang limilione tse 1.3 tse ngolisitsoeng.Re lebelletse hore sebopeho sa theko e ntle bakeng sa li-EV se tla feta sephetho sa ho felisa lithuso tsa EV ho fihlela bofelong ba 2023. Ka lebaka leo, hajoale re lebelletse hore thekiso ea EV naheng ea China e tla hola ka ho feta 30% ha e bapisoa le 2022, e fihlang ho limilione tse 8. diyuniti ho elella bofelong ba 2023, ka karolo ea thekiso e fetang 35% (29% ka 2022).
Kholo ea thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase Europe e lebelletsoe ho ba tlase ho limmaraka tse tharo, tse tsamaisoang ke mekhoa ea morao-rao le lipehelo tse matla tsa tlhahiso ea CO2 tse ke keng tsa qala ho sebetsa ho fihlela 2025 qalong.Karolong ea pele ea 2023, thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase Europe e tla hōla ka hoo e ka bang 10% ha e bapisoa le nako e tšoanang ea 2022. Re lebeletse hore thekiso ea EV e tla hōla ho feta 25% bakeng sa selemo se tletseng, 'me koloi e le' ngoe ho tse 'nè e rekisoa Europe. ho ba motlakase.
Ka ntle ho 'maraka o tloaelehileng oa EV, thekiso ea EV e lebelletsoe ho fihla ho pota 900,000 ka 2023, ho nyoloha ka 50% ho tloha 2022. Lithekiso tsa likoloi tsa motlakase India karolong ea pele ea 2023 li se li phahame ka makhetlo a mabeli ho feta ka nako e le 'ngoe ka 2022. , empa e ntse e hōla.
Ehlile, ho na le likotsi tse mpe ponong ea 2023: ho putlama ha moruo oa lefats'e le ho putlama ha China ho tsoa ho lithuso tsa NEV ho ka fokotsa kholo ea thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase lefatšeng ka bophara ka 2023. Ka lehlakoreng le letle, mebaraka e mecha e ka buloa pejana ho feta kamoo ho neng ho lebelletsoe. litheko tse phahameng tsa peterole li hloka likoloi tsa motlakase libakeng tse ngata.Lintlafatso tse ncha tsa lipolotiki, joalo ka tlhahiso ea Setsi sa Ts'ireletso ea Tikoloho ea US (EPA) Mmesa 2023 ea ho tiisa litekanyetso tsa tlhahiso ea khase e futhumatsang lefatše bakeng sa likoloi, li ka supa ho phahama ha thekiso pele li qala ho sebetsa.
Peiso ea motlakase e ntse e eketsa palo ea mefuta ea likoloi tsa motlakase tse fumanehang 'marakeng.Ka 2022, palo ea likhetho tse fumanehang e tla fihla ho 500, ha e bapisoa le ka tlase ho 450 ka 2021 le ho feta habeli ea 2018-2019.Joalo ka lilemong tse fetileng, China e na le potefolio e pharalletseng ea lihlahisoa e nang le mefuta e ka bang 300 e fumanehang, e imenne habeli palo ea 2018-2019 pele ho seoa sa Covid-19.Palo eo e ntse e batla e imena habeli ea Norway, Netherlands, Jeremane, Sweden, Fora le UK, eo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e nang le mefuta e ka bang 150 eo a ka khethang ho eona, e fetang makhetlo a mararo palo ea pele ho seoa.Mefuta e ka tlase ho 100 e tla fumaneha US ka 2022, empa e imenne habeli ho feta pele ho seoa;Canada, Japane le Korea Boroa, tse 30 kapa ka tlaase ho moo lia fumaneha.
Mekhoa ea 2022 e bonts'a kholo e ntseng e hola ea 'maraka oa likoloi tsa motlakase mme e bonts'a hore baetsi ba likoloi ba arabela tlhoko e ntseng e hola ea bareki ea likoloi tsa motlakase.Leha ho le joalo, palo ea mefuta e fumanehang ea EV e ntse e le ka tlase ho likoloi tse tloaelehileng tsa lienjine tse tukang, e lula kaholimo ho 1,250 ho tloha 2010 mme e phahame ho 1,500 bohareng ba lilemo tse leshome tse fetileng.Lithekiso tsa mefuta ea lienjine tse tukang ka hare li theohile ka sekhahla lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka CAGR ea -2% lipakeng tsa 2016 le 2022, e fihletseng li-unit tse ka bang 1,300 ka 2022. Ho theoha hona ho fapana ho pholletsa le limmaraka tse kholo tsa likoloi mme ke ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa.Sena se bonahala ka ho khetheha Chaena, moo palo ea likhetho tsa ICE tse fumanehang ka 2022 e leng 8% e tlase ho feta ka 2016, ha e bapisoa le 3-4% ea US le Europe ka nako e tšoanang.Sena se ka bakoa ke ho fokotseha ha 'maraka oa likoloi le phetoho ea butle-butle ea li-automaker tse kholo ho likoloi tsa motlakase.Nakong e tlang, haeba baetsi ba likoloi ba shebane le ho kenya motlakase 'me ba tsoela pele ho rekisa mefuta e teng ea ICE ho e-na le ho eketsa litekanyetso tsa nts'etsopele bakeng sa tse ncha, palo eohle ea mefuta e teng ea ICE e ka lula e tsitsitse, ha palo ea mefuta e mecha e tla fokotseha.
Ho fumaneha ha mefuta ea likoloi tsa motlakase ho ntse ho hola ka potlako ha ho bapisoa le mefuta ea enjine e tukang ka hare, ka CAGR ea 30% ka 2016-2022.Mebarakeng e ntseng e hola, kholo ena e lokela ho lebelloa kaha palo e kholo ea ba kentseng lintho tse ncha e tlisa lihlahisoa tse ncha 'marakeng le ba sebetsang ba fapanyetsana liphotefolio tsa lihlahisoa tsa bona.Keketseho e batla e le tlase lilemong tsa morao tjena, hoo e ka bang 25% selemo le selemo ka 2021 le 15% ka 2022. Linomoro tsa mehlala li lebeletsoe hore li tsoele pele ho hōla ka potlako nakong e tlang ha baetsi ba likoloi ba ka sehloohong ba atolosa li-portfolio tsa bona tsa EV le ba kenang ba bacha ba matlafatsa ts'ebetso ea bona, haholo-holo ho batho ba hlahang. mebaraka le linaha tse tsoelang pele (EMDEs).Palo ea nalane ea mefuta ea ICE e fumanehang 'marakeng e fana ka maikutlo a hore palo ea hajoale ea likhetho tsa EV bonyane e ka imena habeli pele e theoha.
Bothata bo boholo 'marakeng oa likoloi oa lefats'e (ka likoloi tsa motlakase le lienjineri tse tukang ka hare) ke taolo e matla ea li-SUV le mefuta e meholo' marakeng bakeng sa likhetho tse theko e tlase.Baetsi ba likoloi ba ka fumana chelete e ngata ho tsoa ho mehlala e joalo ka lebaka la tekanyo e phahameng ea ho khutlisa, e ka koahelang karolo ea matsete ho nts'etsopele ea likoloi tsa motlakase.Maemong a mang, joalo ka US, likoloi tse kholo li ka boela tsa rua molemo ho latela maemo a tlase a moruo a mafura, a khothaletsang baetsi ba likoloi ho eketsa boholo ba koloi hanyane hore ba tšoanelehe ho ba literaka tse bobebe.
Leha ho le joalo, mefuta e meholoanyane e theko e boima haholo, e baka mathata a maholo a ho khoneha ho pholletsa le boto, haholo-holo limmarakeng tse ntseng li hōla le linaheng tse tsoelang pele.Mehlala e meholo e boetse e na le litlamorao bakeng sa ts'ebetso le liketane tsa phepelo ha li ntse li sebelisa libeteri tse kholo tse hlokang liminerale tsa bohlokoa haholo.Ka 2022, boholo ba betri e leka-lekaneng bakeng sa likoloi tse nyane tsa motlakase e tla tloha ho 25 kWh Chaena ho isa ho 35 kWh Fora, Jeremane le UK, le ho pota 60 kWh ho la US.Ha ho bapisoa, tšebeliso e tloaelehileng linaheng tsena e ka ba 70–75 kWh bakeng sa li-SUV tsa motlakase feela le 75–90 kWh bakeng sa mefuta e meholoanyane.
Ho sa tsotelehe boholo ba koloi, ho fetoha ho tloha ho lienjine tse tukang ho ea ho matla a motlakase ke ntho e tlang pele ho ho fihlela lipehelo tsa mesi e se nang letho, empa ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea libeteri tse kholo le hona ho bohlokoa.Ka 2022, Fora, Jeremane le UK, boima bo tloaelehileng ba thekiso ea li-SUV tsa motlakase feela e tla ba makhetlo a 1.5 ho feta likoloi tse tloaelehileng tse nyenyane tsa motlakase tse hlokang tšepe e ngata, aluminium le polasetiki;libeteri tse ngata tse tsoang tseleng tse habeli tse hlokang liminerale tse ka bang 75% ho feta.Mesi ea CO2 e amanang le ho sebetsana le thepa, tlhahiso le kopano e lebelletsoe ho eketseha ka ho feta 70%.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, li-SUV tsa motlakase li ne li ka fokotsa tšebeliso ea oli ka libarele tse fetang 150,000 ka letsatsi ka 2022 le ho qoba ho tsoa mosi o amanang le ho tuka ha mafura lienjineng tse tukang tse ka hare.Le hoja li-SUV tsa motlakase li tla ikarabella bakeng sa hoo e ka bang 35% ea likoloi tsohle tsa bapalami tsa motlakase (PLDVs) ka 2022, karolo ea bona ea khase ea mafura e tla ba holimo le ho feta (hoo e ka bang 40%) hobane li-SUV li atisa ho sebelisoa ho feta likoloi tse nyenyane.Ehlile, likoloi tse nyane li hloka matla a manyane ho sebetsa le lisebelisoa tse fokolang ho aha, empa li-SUV tsa motlakase li ntse li rata likoloi tsa enjine ea mollo.
Ka 2022, ICE SUVs e tla ntša ho feta 1 Gt ea CO2, e fetang hole phokotso ea 80 Mt net ea likoloi tsa motlakase selemong sena.Leha thekiso ea likoloi kaofela e tla theoha ka 0.5% ka 2022, thekiso ea SUV e tla hola ka 3% ha e bapisoa le 2021, e leng karolo ea 45% ea kakaretso ea thekiso ea likoloi, ka kholo e kholo e tsoang US, India le Europe.Har'a likoloi tsa ICE tse 1,300 tse teng ka 2022, tse fetang 40% e tla ba li-SUV, ha li bapisoa le tse ka tlaase ho 35% ea likoloi tse nyenyane le tse mahareng.Palo eohle ea likhetho tse fumanehang tsa ICE e ntse e fokotseha ho tloha 2016 ho isa 2022, empa feela bakeng sa likoloi tse nyane le tse mahareng (35% e fokotseha), ha e ntse e eketseha bakeng sa likoloi tse kholo le li-SUV (keketseho ea 10%).
Mokhoa o tšoanang o bonoa 'marakeng oa likoloi tsa motlakase.Hoo e ka bang 16% ea li-SUV tsohle tse rekisoang ka 2022 e tla ba li-EV, tse fetang karolo ea 'maraka ka kakaretso ea li-EV, tse bontšang khetho ea bareki bakeng sa li-SUV, ebang ke likoloi tse tukang ka hare kapa likoloi tsa motlakase.Ka 2022, hoo e batlang e le 40% ea mefuta eohle ea likoloi tsa motlakase e tla ba li-SUV, tse lekanang le karolo e kopantsoeng ea likoloi tse nyenyane le tse mahareng.Ho feta 15% e ile ea oela ho karolo ea mefuta e meng e meholo.Lilemong tse tharo tse fetileng, ka 2019, mefuta e menyenyane le e mahareng e ne e le 60% ea mefuta eohle e fumanehang, 'me li-SUV ke 30% feela.
Chaena le Europe, li-SUV le mefuta e meholo li tla etsa liperesente tse 60 tsa khetho e teng ea BEV ka 2022, ho latela karolelano ea lefatše.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-SUV le mefuta e meholo ea ICE li etsa liperesente tse 70 tsa mefuta ea ICE e fumanehang libakeng tsena, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore li-EV hajoale li ntse li le nyane ho feta balekane ba tsona ba ICE.Lipolelo tse tsoang ho baetsi ba likoloi tse kholo tsa Europe li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho ka ba le maikutlo a eketsehileng mefuteng e menyenyane empa e tumme haholo lilemong tse tlang.Mohlala, Volkswagen e phatlalalitse hore e tla qala mofuta o tlase oa € 25,000 'marakeng oa Europe ka 2025 le mofuta o tlase oa € 20,000 ka 2026-27 ho hohela bareki ba bangata.Naheng ea Amerika, ho feta 80% ea likhetho tse fumanehang tsa BEV e tla ba li-SUV kapa mefuta e meholo ka 2022, e phahametseng karolo ea 70% ea li-SUV kapa mefuta e meholo ea ICE.Ha re shebile pele, haeba tsebiso ea morao-rao ea ho holisa likhothaletso tsa IRA ho li-SUV tse ngata e phethahala, lebella ho bona li-SUV tse ngata tsa motlakase US.Tlas'a IRA, Lefapha la US la Polokelo ea Lichelete le ne le ntlafatsa maemo a likoloi mme ka 2023 le ile la fetola mekhoa ea ho tšoaneleha bakeng sa likalimo tse hloekileng tsa likoloi tse amanang le li-SUV tse nyane, tse seng li loketse haeba theko e ka tlase ho $80,000 ho tsoa ho cap e fetileng.ka $55,000..
Ho rekisoa ha likoloi tsa motlakase Chaena ho matlafalitsoe ke tšehetso e tsoelang pele ea lipolotiki le theko e tlaase ea thekiso.Ka 2022, theko e lekantsoeng ea thekiso ea likoloi tse nyane tsa motlakase naheng ea China e tla ba ka tlase ho $10,000, e ka tlase ho $30,000 ka selemo sona seo ha theko e boima ea thekiso ea likoloi tse nyane tsa motlakase Europe le United States e feta $30,000.
China, likoloi tsa motlakase tse rekisoang ka ho fetesisa ka 2022 e tla ba Wuling Mini BEV, koloi e nyane e theko e tlase ho $6,500, le koloi e nyane ea BYD Dolphin e tlase ho $16,000.Ka kopanelo, mefuta ena e 'meli e etsa hoo e ka bang liperesente tse 15 tsa kholo ea China thekisong ea likoloi tsa motlakase tsa bapalami, e bonts'ang tlhoko ea mefuta e menyane.Ha ho bapisoa, likoloi tse nyenyane tse rekisoang ka ho fetisisa tsa motlakase oa Fora, Jeremane le UK - Fiat 500, Peugeot e-208 le Renault Zoe - li bitsa chelete e fetang $ 35,000.Likoloi tse nyane haholo tsa motlakase kaofela li rekisoa US, haholo Chevrolet Bolt le Mini Cooper BEV, tse jang chelete e ka bang $30,000.Tesla Model Y ke koloi ea baeti e rekisoang ka ho fetisisa ea BEV linaheng tse ling tsa Europe (ka holimo ho $65,000) le United States (ka holimo ho $10,000).50,000).6
Baetsi ba likoloi ba Machaena ba tsepamisitse maikutlo ho nts'etsopele ea mefuta e menyenyane, e theko e tlaase, ka pele ho balekane ba bona ba machaba, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo ka mor'a lilemo tsa tlhōlisano e matla ea lehae.Ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-2000, makholo a baetsi ba likoloi tse nyenyane tsa motlakase ba kene 'marakeng, ba rua molemo ho tsoa mananeong a fapaneng a tšehetso ea' muso, ho kenyeletsa lithuso le likhothatso bakeng sa bareki le bahlahisi.Boholo ba lik'hamphani tsena li ile tsa ntšoa tlhōlisanong ha lithuso li tlosoa 'me' maraka o se o kopantsoe le baeta-pele ba leshome le metso e 'meli ba atlehileng ho hlahisa likoloi tsa motlakase tse nyenyane le tse theko e tlaase bakeng sa 'maraka oa Chaena.Momahanyo e otlolohileng ya ketane ya phepelo ya dibetri le dikoloi tsa motlakase, ho tloha ho sebetsa diminerale ho ya ho tlhahiso ya dibetri le koloi ya motlakase, le phihlello ya mesebetsi e theko e tlase, tlhahiso le ditjhelete ho phatlalla le boto le tsona di kganna ntshetsopele ya dimotlolo tse theko e tlase.
Ho sa le joalo, baetsi ba likoloi Europe le US - ekaba bahlahisi ba pele ba kang Tesla kapa libapali tse kholo tse teng - ho fihlela joale ba tsepamisitse maikutlo haholo mefuteng e meholo, e majabajaba, ka hona ba sa fane ka 'maraka o moholo.Leha ho le joalo, mefuta e menyenyane e fumanehang linaheng tsena hangata e fana ka ts'ebetso e ntle ho feta ea Chaena, joalo ka sebaka se selelele.Ka 2022, palo ea lik'hilomithara tse rekisoang tsa likoloi tse nyenyane tsa motlakase tse rekisoang US e tla atamela lik'hilomithara tse 350, ha Fora, Jeremane le UK palo ena e tla ba ka tlase ho lik'hilomithara tse 300, 'me Chaena palo ena e fokotsehile.lik'hilomithara tse fetang 220.Likarolong tse ling, liphapang ha li bohlokoa hakaalo.Ho tuma ha liteishene tsa ho tjhaja sechaba Chaena ho ka hlalosa hore na hobaneng bareki ba Machaena ba na le monyetla o moholo oa ho khetha mefuta e tlase ho feta bareki ba Europe kapa Amerika.
Tesla e ile ea theola litheko ka mefuta ea eona habeli ka 2022 ha tlholisano e ntse e tota, 'me baetsi ba likoloi ba bangata ba phatlalalitse likhetho tse theko e tlaase lilemong tse' maloa tse tlang.Le hoja lipolelo tsena li tšoanela boithuto bo eketsehileng, mokhoa ona o ka bontša hore lekhalo la theko pakeng tsa likoloi tse nyenyane tsa motlakase le likoloi tse teng tsa enjene e tukang li ka 'na tsa koaloa butle-butle nakong ea lilemo tse leshome.
Ka 2022, limmaraka tse tharo tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa likoloi tsa motlakase - Chaena, Europe le US - li tla ikarabella bakeng sa hoo e ka bang 95% ea thekiso ea lefats'e.Limmaraka tse Hlahang le Meruo e Hlahang (li-EMDE) kantle ho China li nka karolo e nyane feela ea 'maraka oa likoloi tsa motlakase lefatšeng ka bophara.Tlhokahalo ea likoloi tsa motlakase e eketsehile lilemong tsa morao tjena, empa thekiso e ntse e le tlase.
Le hoja limmaraka tse ntseng li hōla le linaha tse tsoelang pele li atisa ho potlakela ho sebelisa lihlahisoa tsa morao-rao tsa theko e tlaase tse kang li-smartphone, lik'homphieutha le lisebelisoa tse hokahaneng, likoloi tsa motlakase li lula li le bitsa chelete e ngata haholo bakeng sa batho ba bangata.Ho ea ka phuputso ea morao tjena, ho feta karolo ea 50 lekholong ea batho ba arabelitsoeng naheng ea Ghana ba ka mpa ba reka koloi ea motlakase ho e-na le koloi ea enjene e tukang, empa karolo e fetang halofo ea bareki bao ba ka bang teng ha baa ikemisetsa ho sebelisa chelete e fetang $20,000 ho reka koloi ea motlakase.Tšitiso e ka ba khaello ea ho tjhaja e ka tšeptjoang le e theko e tlaase, hammoho le bokhoni bo fokolang ba ho sebeletsa, ho lokisa le ho boloka likoloi tsa motlakase.Linaheng tse ngata tse ntseng li hlaha le linaheng tse tsoelang pele, lipalangoang tsa litsela li ntse li itšetlehile haholo ka litharollo tse nyenyane tsa lipalangoang libakeng tsa litoropo tse kang likoloi tse peli le tse tharo, tse ntseng li hatela pele ka ho kenya motlakase le ho tsamaisana hammoho ho atleha maetong a libaka ho ea mosebetsing.Boitšoaro ba ho reka le bona bo fapane, 'me beng ba likoloi tsa poraefete ba tlase ebile ho reka likoloi tse sebelisitsoeng ho atile.Ha re shebile pele, ha thekiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase (tse ncha le tse sebelisitsoeng) 'marakeng o ntseng o tsoela pele le linaheng tse tsoelang pele li lebelletsoe ho hola, linaha tse ngata li kanna tsa tsoela pele ho itšetleha haholo ka mabili a mabeli le a mararo.bolela (sheba likoloi tlalehong ena).karolo) ).
Ka 2022, ho tla ba le keketseho e kholo ea likoloi tsa motlakase India, Thailand le Indonesia.Ka kakaretso, thekiso ea EV linaheng tsena e imenne ka makhetlo a fetang a mararo ho tloha ka 2021 ho isa ho hoo e ka bang 80,000.Lithekiso ka 2022 li phahame ka makhetlo a supileng ho feta ka 2019 pele ho seoa sa Covid-19.Ka lehlakoreng le leng, thekiso ea limmaraka tse ling tse ntseng li hōla le linaheng tse tsoelang pele e ne e le tlaase.
India, thekiso ea EV e tla fihla hoo e ka bang 50,000 ka 2022, makhetlo a mane ho feta ka 2021, mme thekiso ea likoloi kaofela e tla hola ka tlase ho 15%.Tata e hlahelletseng ka ho fetisisa lapeng e bile karolo e fetang 85% ea thekiso ea BEV, ha thekiso ea BEV e nyane ea Tigor/Tiago e imenne ka makhetlo a mane.Lithekiso tsa likoloi tsa li-plug-in hybrid India li ntse li le haufi le zero.Likhamphani tse ncha tsa makoloi a motlakase joale li ntse li becha ho Morero oa Ts'usumetso ea Tlhahiso (PLI) ea mmuso, e leng lenaneo la lithuso le ka bang $2 bilione le reretsoeng ho holisa tlhahiso ea likoloi tsa motlakase le likarolo tsa tsona.Lenaneo le hohetse matsete a kakaretso a US$8.3 bilione.
Leha ho le joalo, 'maraka oa India hajoale o ntse o tsepamisitse maikutlo ho motsamao o arolelanoang le o monyane.Ka 2022, 25% ea theko ea EV India e tla be e entsoe ke basebetsi ba likepe joalo ka litekesi.Mathoasong a 2023, Tata e ile ea fumana taelo e kholo ho tsoa ho Uber bakeng sa likoloi tsa motlakase tse 25,000.Hape, le hoja 55% ea mabili a mararo a rekisoang e le likoloi tsa motlakase, ka tlase ho 2% ea likoloi tse rekisoang ke likoloi tsa motlakase.Ola, k'hamphani e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea likoloi tsa motlakase India ka chelete, ha e so fane ka likoloi tsa motlakase.Ola, eo ho e-na le hoo e shebaneng le ho tsamaea ka tlaase, e ikemiselitse ho eketsa matla a eona a mabili a mabeli a motlakase ho limilione tse 2 qetellong ea 2023 le ho finyella bokhoni ba selemo le selemo ba limilione tse 10 pakeng tsa 2025 le 2028. Khamphani e boetse e rera ho haha betri ea lithium-ion semela se nang le matla a pele a 5 GWh, ka ho atolosoa ho 100 GWh ka 2030. Ola e rera ho qala ho rekisa likoloi tsa motlakase bakeng sa khoebo ea eona ea litekesi ka 2024 le ho matlafatsa likepe tsa eona tsa tekesi ka ho feletseng ka 2029, ha e ntse e qala motlakase oa eona oa pele le oa 'maraka o moholo. khoebo ea likoloi.Khampani e phatlalalitse letsete la chelete e fetang $ 900 milione ho tlhahiso ea likoloi le likoloi tsa motlakase karolong e ka boroa ea India 'me e ekelitse tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo ho tloha ho 100,000 ho ea ho likoloi tsa 140,000.
Naheng ea Thailand, thekiso ea EV e imenne habeli ho isa ho li-unit tsa 21,000, 'me thekiso e arotsoe ka ho lekana pakeng tsa likoloi tse hloekileng tsa motlakase le li-hybrids tsa plug-in.Keketseho ea palo ea baetsi ba likoloi ba Chaena e potlakisitse ho amoheloa ha likoloi tsa motlakase naheng.Ka 2021, Great Wall Motors, moetsi oa enjine ea mantlha oa China (OEM), o ile a tsebisa Euler Haomao BEV 'marakeng oa Thailand, e tla ba koloi ea motlakase e rekisoang ho fetisisa Thailand ka 2022 ka thekiso ea li-unit tse ka bang 4,000.Likoloi tsa bobeli le tsa boraro tse tsebahalang haholo le tsona ke likoloi tsa Machaena tse entsoeng ke Shanghai Automotive Industry (SAIC), ha ho le e 'ngoe ea tsona e ileng ea rekisoa Thailand ka 2020. Baetsi ba likoloi ba Machaena ba khonne ho theola theko ea likoloi tsa motlakase ho tsoa ho bahlolisani ba kantle ho naha le e kene 'marakeng oa Thailand, joalo ka BMW le Mercedes, kahoo e hohela bareki ba bangata.Ntle le moo, mmuso oa Thailand o fana ka likhothatso tse fapaneng tsa lichelete bakeng sa likoloi tsa motlakase, ho kenyeletsoa lithuso, lithuso tsa lekhetho, le liphallelo tsa lekhetho la kantle ho naha, tse ka thusang ho eketsa botle ba likoloi tsa motlakase.Tesla e rera ho kena 'marakeng oa Thailand ka 2023 mme e kenye tlhahiso ea li-supercharger.
Indonesia, thekiso ea likoloi tse hloekileng tsa motlakase e eketsehile ka makhetlo a fetang 14 ho feta li-unit tsa 10,000, ha thekiso ea li-hybrids tsa plug-in e ntse e le haufi le zero.Ka Hlakubele 2023, Indonesia e phatlalalitse likhothatso tse ncha tsa ho ts'ehetsa thekiso ea mabili a mabeli a motlakase, likoloi le libese, tse reretsoeng ho matlafatsa matla a tlhahiso ea motlakase oa lapeng le betri ka litlhoko tsa likarolo tsa lehae.'Muso o rera ho tšehetsa thekiso ea likoloi tse peli tsa motlakase tsa 200,000 le likoloi tsa motlakase tsa 36,000 ka 2023 ka likarolo tsa thekiso ea karolo ea 4 lekholong le karolo ea 5 lekholong, ka ho latellana.Thuso e ncha e ka fokotsa litheko tsa mabili a mabeli a motlakase ka 25-50% ho ba thusa ho qothisana lehlokoa le balekane ba bona ba ICE.Indonesia e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa khoebong ea likoloi tsa motlakase le ketane ea phepelo ea libeteri, haholo ha ho nahanoa ka mehloli ea eona ea liminerale tse ngata le boemo ba ho ba sehlahisi se seholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng sa nickel ore.Sena se hohetse matsete ho tsoa ho lik'hamphani tsa lefats'e, 'me Indonesia e ka ba setsi se seholohali sa tlhahiso ea libeteri le likaroloana.
Ho fumaneha ha mehlala e ntse e le phephetso limmarakeng tse ntseng li tsoela pele le linaheng tse tsoelang pele, ka mefuta e mengata e rekisoang haholo-holo likarolong tse phahameng tse kang li-SUV le mefuta e meholo ea mabothobotho.Le hoja li-SUV li le teng lefatšeng ka bophara, matla a fokolang a ho reka limmarakeng tse ntseng li hōla le linaheng tse tsoelang pele li etsa hore likoloi tse joalo li se ke tsa khona ho li reka.Mo dikgaolong tse di farologaneng tse di akarediwang mo karolong eno ya pegelo, go na le palogotlhe ya dinaga tse di fetang 60 tse di tlhabologang tsa mebaraka le tse di tlhabologang, go akarediwa tse di tshegediwang ke Global Environment Facility's (GEF) Global Electric Mobility Programme, moo palo ya dimotlolo tse kgolo tsa dikoloi tse teng. chelete ka 2022 e tla ba makhetlo a mabeli ho isa ho a tšeletseng ho feta likhoebo tse nyane.
Afrika, mofuta oa koloi ea motlakase o rekisoang ka ho fetesisa ka 2022 e tla ba Hyundai Kona ( crossover ea motlakase e hloekileng), ha Taycan BEV e kholo le e turang ea Porsche e na le rekoto ea thekiso e batlang e lekana le Nissan's midsize Leaf BEV.Li-SUV tsa motlakase li boetse li rekisa ka makhetlo a robeli ho feta likoloi tse peli tse nyenyane tse rekisoang ka ho fetisisa tsa motlakase tse kopantsoeng: Mini Cooper SE BEV le Renault Zoe BEV.India, mofuta oa EV o rekoang ka ho fetisisa ke Tata Nexon BEV crossover, e nang le li-unit tse fetang 32,000 tse rekisitsoeng, makhetlo a mararo ho feta mohlala o latelang o rekisoang ka ho fetisisa, oa Tata's Tigor/Tiago BEV.Limmarakeng tsohle tse ntseng li hlaha le linaheng tse tsoelang pele tse koahetsoeng mona, thekiso ea li-SUV tsa motlakase e fihlile ho li-unit tsa 45,000, ho feta thekiso ea likoloi tse nyenyane tsa motlakase (23,000) le midsize (16,000) li kopantsoe.Costa Rica, e nang le thekiso e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea EV Latin America, ke mefuta e mene feela ho e 20 e holimo eo e seng ea li-SUV, 'me hoo e ka bang karolo ea boraro ke mehlala ea mabothobotho.Bokamoso ba ho kenngwa ha motlakase ka bongata mebarakeng e ntseng e hola le dinaheng tse ntseng di tswela pele bo itshetlehile hodima ntshetsopele ya dikoloi tse nyane le tse theko e tlase tsa motlakase, hammoho le mabili a mabedi le a mararo.
Phapang ea bohlokoa ho hlahloba tsoelo-pele ea 'maraka oa likoloi ke phapang pakeng tsa ho ngolisa le ho rekisa.Ngoliso e ncha e bolela palo ea likoloi tse ngolisitsoeng ka molao mafapheng a amehang a 'muso kapa mekhatlo ea inshorense lekgetlo la pele, ho kenyeletswa le tsa malapeng le tse tswang kantle ho naha.Bophahamo ba thekiso bo ka bolela likoloi tse rekisoang ke barekisi kapa barekisi (lithekiso tsa mabenkele), kapa likoloi tse rekisoang ke baetsi ba likoloi ho barekisi (ex works, ke hore, ho kenyeletsoa kantle ho naha).Ha u hlahloba 'maraka oa likoloi, khetho ea lipontšo e ka ba ea bohlokoa haholo.Ho etsa bonnete ba hore litaba tsa lichelete li lula li le teng linaheng tsohle le ho qoba ho baloa habeli lefatšeng ka bophara, boholo ba 'maraka oa likoloi tlalehong ena bo thehiloe ho ngolisoeng ha likoloi tse ncha (haeba li teng) le thekiso ea mabenkele, eseng ho tsamaisoa ha lifeme.
Bohlokoa ba sena bo bontšoa hantle ke mekhoa ea 'maraka oa likoloi oa Chaena ka 2022. Ho tsamaisoa ha lifeme (ho baloa e le palo ea thekiso)' marakeng oa likoloi tsa bapalami ba Chaena ho tlalehoa hore e tla hōla ka 7% ho isa ho 10% ka 2022, ha ho ngolisoa ha k'hamphani ea inshorense ho bontša 'maraka oa lapeng o thellang selemong sona seo.Keketseho e bonoa ho data ho tsoa ho China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM), mohloli oa data oa semmuso bakeng sa indasteri ea likoloi ea China.Lintlha tsa CAAM li bokelloa ho tsoa ho baetsi ba likoloi 'me li emela ho tsamaisoa ha lifeme.Mohloli o mong o qotsitsoeng haholo ke China Passenger Car Association (CPCA), mokhatlo oo e seng oa 'muso o rekisang likoloi tse ngata, tse rekisoang le ho li romella kantle ho naha, empa ha o na tumello ea ho fana ka lipalo-palo tsa naha ebile ha o koahele li-OEM tsohle, ha CAAM e etsa joalo..China Automotive Technology and Research Center (CATARC), setsi sa ho nahana ka 'muso, se bokella lintlha tsa tlhahiso ea likoloi ho latela linomoro tsa boitsebiso ba koloi le linomoro tsa thekiso ea likoloi ho latela boitsebiso ba ngoliso ea inshorense ea koloi.Chaena, inshorense ea koloi e fanoa bakeng sa koloi ka boeona, eseng bakeng sa mokhanni ka mong, kahoo e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho boloka tlaleho ea palo ea likoloi tse tseleng, ho kenyeletsa le tse tsoang linaheng tse ling.Phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa data ea CATARC le mehloli e meng e amana le thepa ea sesole e romelloang kantle le e sa ngolisoang kapa lisebelisoa tse ling, hammoho le li-stock tsa baetsi ba likoloi.
Keketseho e potlakileng ea thomello ea likoloi tsa baeti ka 2022 e etsa hore phapang lipakeng tsa mehloli ena ea data e hlahelle le ho feta.Ka 2022, thepa ea likoloi tsa baeti e tla eketseha ka hoo e ka bang 60% ho ea ho li-unit tse fetang limilione tse 2.5, ha thepa ea likoloi tsa baeti e tla fokotseha ka hoo e ka bang 20% (ho tloha ho 950,000 ho ea ho 770,000 units).
Nako ea poso: Sep-01-2023