IEA (2023), iGlobal Electric Vehicle Outlook 2023, IEA, Paris https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2023, Ilayisensi: CC BY 4.0
Ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwekhonkco lokubonelela, ukungaqiniseki kwe-macroeconomic kunye ne-geopolitical, kunye namaxabiso aphezulu emveliso kunye namandla, ukuthengiswa kwemoto yombane1 kuya kufikelela kwelinye ixesha eliphezulu ngo-2022. intengiso kwi-2022 iya kuba yi-3% ngaphantsi kwe-2021. Ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane, kubandakanywa izithuthi zombane zebhetri (BEVs) kunye neenqwelo zombane ezixutywe (PHEVs), zidlule i-10 yezigidi kunyaka odlulileyo, i-55% ukusuka kwi-2021.2.Eli nani - i-10 yezigidi zeemoto zombane ezithengiswa emhlabeni jikelele - zidlula inani elipheleleyo leemoto ezithengiswa kwi-EU yonke (malunga ne-9.5 yezigidi) kwaye phantse isiqingatha sazo zonke iimoto ezithengiswa kwi-EU.Ukuthengiswa kweemoto e-China kwi-2022. Kwiminyaka emihlanu nje, ukusuka kwi-2017 ukuya kwi-2022, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kwaphuma kwi-1 yezigidi ukuya kwi-10 yezigidi.Kwakuthatha iminyaka emihlanu, ukusuka kwi-2012 ukuya kwi-2017, ukuthengiswa kwe-EV ukusuka kwi-100,000 ukuya kwi-1 yezigidi, kugxininisa ubume be-exponential ye-EV yokuthengisa ukukhula.Isabelo sezithuthi zombane kwiintengiso zezithuthi zizonke zitsibe ukusuka kwi-9% ngo-2021 ukuya kwi-14% ngo-2022, ngaphezu kwamaxesha ali-10 isabelo sabo ngo-2017.
Ukunyuka kweentengiso kuya kuzisa inani elipheleleyo leemoto zombane ezindleleni zehlabathi ukuya kwi-26 yezigidi, ukuya kwi-60% ukusuka kwi-2021, kunye neenqwelo zombane ezicocekileyo ezibalelwa ngaphezu kwe-70% yokunyuka konyaka, njengoko kwiminyaka edlulileyo.Ngenxa yoko, ngo-2022, malunga ne-70% yezithuthi zombane zehlabathi jikelele ziya kuba zizithuthi zombane kuphela.Ngokwemigaqo ecacileyo, ukukhula kwentengiso phakathi kwe-2021 kunye ne-2022 kuya kuba phezulu phakathi kwe-2020 kunye ne-2021 - ukunyuka kwe-3.5 yezigidi zezithuthi - kodwa ukukhula okuhambelanayo kuphantsi (ukuthengisa kuya kabini phakathi kwe-2020 kunye ne-2021).I-boom engaqhelekanga ngo-2021 inokuba kungenxa yentengiso yemoto yombane ebambekayo emva kobhubhani we-coronavirus (Covid-19).Xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka edlulileyo, izinga lokukhula lonyaka lokuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane kwi-2022 lifana nomyinge wokukhula kwe-2015-2018, kwaye izinga lokukhula lonyaka lobunini bezithuthi zombane kwihlabathi kwi-2022 lifana nesantya sokukhula kwi-2021 nangaphezulu.Ngexesha le-2015-2018.Imarike yemoto yombane ibuyela ngokukhawuleza kwizantya zangaphambi kobhubhane.
Ukukhula kwiintengiso ze-EV kwahluka ngokommandla kunye ne-powertrain, kodwa iqhubekile ilawulwa yiRiphabhlikhi yaBantu baseTshayina (“China”).Kwi-2022, ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane e-China kuya kunyuka nge-60% xa kuthelekiswa ne-2021 ukuya kwi-4.4 yezigidi, kwaye ukuthengiswa kwe-plug-in hybrid imoto kuya phantse kathathu ukuya kwi-1.5 yezigidi.Ukukhula okukhawulezayo kwentengiso ye-PHEV xa kuthelekiswa ne-BEV ifanele ukuphononongwa ngakumbi kwiminyaka ezayo njengoko intengiso ye-PHEV ihlala ibuthathaka iyonke kwaye ngoku kunokwenzeka ukuba ifumane i-post-Covid-19 boom;Iintengiso ze-EV ziphindwe kathathu ukusuka kwi-2020 ukuya ku-2021. Nangona ukuthengiswa kweemoto zizonke kwi-2022 ziphantsi kwe-3% ukusuka kwi-2021, ukuthengiswa kwe-EV kusekho ukunyuka.
I-China yenza phantse i-60% yobhaliso olutsha lwezithuthi zombane kwihlabathi.Ngo-2022, okokuqala, i-China iya kuba ngaphezu kwe-50% yenani elipheleleyo leemoto zombane kwiindlela zehlabathi, eziya kufikelela kwi-13.8 yezigidi zezithuthi.Oku kukhula ngamandla kusisiphumo seminyaka engaphezulu kweshumi yenkxaso eqhubekayo yomgaqo-nkqubo wabathathi-nxaxheba bokuqala, kubandakanywa ukwandiswa kude kube sekupheleni kuka-2022 yenkuthazo yokuthenga eyayicwangciselwe ukuphela ngo-2020 ngenxa ye-Covid-19, ukongeza kwizindululo ezifana neZiseko zoKutshaja. Ukukhutshwa ngokukhawuleza e-China kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo ongqongqo wokubhaliswa kwezithuthi ezingekho zombane.
Isabelo sezithuthi zombane kwiintengiso zeemoto ezipheleleyo kwimarike yasekhaya yaseChina iya kufikelela kwi-29% ngo-2022, ukusuka kwi-16% ngo-2021 nangaphantsi kwe-6% phakathi kwe-2018 kunye ne-2020. ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane ngo-2025. - Biza i-New Energy Vehicle (NEV)3 kwangaphambili.Zonke izikhombisi zikhomba ukukhula okuthe kratya: nangona iSebe laseTshayina lezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi (MIIT), eliphethe ishishini leemoto, alikahlazisi iithagethi zentengiso ye-NEV yesizwe, ekujoliswe kuko kokufakelwa kombane ngakumbi kwezothutho zendlela kuqinisekisiwe. kunyaka ozayo.2019. Amaxwebhu aliqela obuchule.I-China ijolise ekufezekiseni i-50 yepesenti yesabelo sokuthengisa kwiindawo ezibizwa ngokuba "ziindawo eziphambili zokunciphisa ukungcoliseka komoya" kunye ne-40 yepesenti yesabelo sokuthengisa kwilizwe lonke ngo-2030 ukuxhasa isicwangciso sesenzo sesizwe sokunyusa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni.Ukuba iindlela zentengiso zamva nje ziyaqhubeka, i-China ye-2030 ekujoliswe kuyo inokufikelelwa kwakamsinya.Oorhulumente bamaphondo nabo bayakuxhasa ukuphunyezwa kweNEV, kwaye ukuza kuthi ga ngoku amaphondo ali-18 amisele iithagethi zeNEV.
Inkxaso yommandla e-China iye yanceda ekuphuhliseni abenzi bezithuthi zombane ezinkulu zehlabathi.Ikomkhulu eliseShenzhen, iBYD ibonelela uninzi lweebhasi zombane zesixeko kunye neeteksi, kwaye ubunkokeli bayo bukwabonakaliswa kumnqweno weShenzhen wokufumana isabelo sepesenti ezingama-60 zokuthengiswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha ngo-2025. IGuangzhou ijonge ukufikelela kwi-50% yesabelo semoto entsha yamandla. intengiso ngo-2025, inceda i-Xpeng Motors yandise kwaye ibe yenye yeenkokeli kwizithuthi zombane kweli lizwe.
Kuhlala kungacacanga ukuba isabelo saseTshayina sokuthengiswa kwe-EV siya kuhlala singaphezulu kwe-20% ekujoliswe kuyo ngo-2023, njengoko intengiso iya kuba namandla ngakumbi njengoko ukuvuselela kulindeleke ukuba kupheliswe ekupheleni kuka-2022. Ukuthengiswa ngoJanuwari 2023 kwehle kakhulu, nangona oku bekubangelwa lixesha loNyaka oMtsha waseLunar, kwaye xa kuthelekiswa noJanuwari ka-2022, behle nge-10%.Noko ke, ngoFebruwari nangoMatshi 2023, iintengiso EV ziya kubamba, nto leyo phantse 60% ngaphezulu kuka February 2022 kwaye ngaphezu 25% ngaphezu ngoFebruwari 2022. ngaphezulu kweentengiso ngoMatshi 2022, okubangele ukuthengiswa kwikota yokuqala 2023 ngaphezulu kwe-20% ngaphezulu kwekota yokuqala ka-2022.
EYurophu4, ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane kwi-2022 kuya kukhula ngaphezu kwe-15% xa kuthelekiswa ne-2021, ukufikelela kwi-2.7 yezigidi zeeyunithi.Ukukhula kweentengiso kuye kwakhawuleza kwiminyaka edlulileyo, kunye nezinga lokukhula lonyaka elingaphezu kwama-65% ngo-2021 kunye nesantya sokukhula kwe-40% ngo-2017-2019.Ngo-2022, ukuthengiswa kwe-BEV kuya kukhula nge-30% xa kuthelekiswa no-2021 (ukunyuka kwe-65% ngo-2021 xa kuthelekiswa no-2020), ngelixa ukuthengiswa kwe-plug-in hybrid kuya kuncipha malunga ne-3%.IYurophu yabalelwa kwi-10% yokukhula kwehlabathi kwiintengiso zezithuthi zombane ezintsha.Ngaphandle kokukhula okucothayo ngo-2022, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane eYurophu zisakhula phakathi kokuqhubeka kwentengiso yeemoto, kunye nokuthengiswa kweemoto zizonke eYurophu ngo-2022 kwehle nge-3% xa kuthelekiswa no-2021.
Ukucotha eYurophu xa kuthelekiswa neminyaka edlulileyo ngokuyinxenye kubonisa ukukhula okungaqhelekanga kwintengiso yezithuthi zombane ze-EU ngo-2020 no-2021 njengoko abavelisi belungisa ngokukhawuleza izicwangciso zabo zequmrhu ukuze bahlangabezane nemigangatho yokukhutshwa kwe-CO2 ngo-2019. Ujoliso olubanzi lokukhutshwa kwezinto ekujoliswe kulo luya luqina ukusuka ku-2025 kunye no-2030.
Amaxabiso aphezulu amandla ngo-2022 aya kuba neempembelelo ezintsonkothileyo zokukhuphisana kwezithuthi zombane ngokubhekiselele kwi-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi (ICE).Amaxabiso epetroli kunye ne-diesel kwizithuthi ezivuthayo zangaphakathi ziye zanyuka, kodwa kwezinye iimeko, iindleko zombane wokuhlala (ezinxulumene nokutshaja) nazo zinyukile.Amaxabiso aphezulu ombane kunye negesi nawo anyusa iindleko zokuvelisa iinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi kunye nezithuthi zombane, kwaye abanye abenzi beemoto bakholelwa ukuba amaxabiso aphezulu amandla anokunciphisa utyalo-mali lwexesha elizayo kumthamo omtsha webhetri.
Ngo-2022, iYurophu iya kuhlala iyimakethi ye-EV yesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni emva kweTshayina, ithatha i-25% yeentengiso ze-EV zizonke kunye ne-30% yobunini behlabathi.Isabelo sokuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane siya kufikelela kwi-21% xa kuthelekiswa ne-18% kwi-2021, i-10% kwi-2020 nangaphantsi kwe-3% ngo-2019. Amazwe aseYurophu aqhubeka ebeka phezulu kwisabelo se-EV yokuthengisa, kunye neNorway ehamba phambili kunye ne-88%, Sweden kunye 54%, Netherlands 35%, Germany 31%, UK kunye 23% kunye France kunye 21% ngo 2022. Germany yeyona marike inkulu yaseYurophu nge umthamo yokuthengisa, kunye neentengiso 830,000 ngo 2022, ilandelwa yi UK nge. 370,000 kunye neFransi ngama-330,000.Intengiso eSpain nayo ingaphezulu kwama-80,000.Isabelo sezithuthi zombane kwiintengiso zezithuthi zizonke eJamani zonyuke ngokuphindwe kalishumi xa kuthelekiswa ne-pre-Covid-19, ngenxa yenxalenye yokunyuka kwenkxaso ye-post-bhubhane efana ne-Umweltbonus yokuthenga inkuthazo, kunye nokuthengiswa kwangaphambili okulindelwe ukusuka kwi-2023 ukuya ku-2022. kulo nyaka, iinkxaso-mali ziyakuncitshiswa ngakumbi.Nangona kunjalo, e-Italiya, ukuthengiswa kwe-EV kwehle ukusuka kwi-140,000 kwi-2021 ukuya kwi-115,000 ngo-2022, ngelixa i-Austria, iDenmark kunye neFinland nayo ibone ukwehla okanye ukuqina.
Ukuthengisa eYurophu kulindeleke ukuba kuqhubeke ukukhula, ngakumbi emva kotshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo wakutshanje phantsi kweprogram ye-Fit ye-55.Imithetho emitsha ibeka imigangatho engqongqo yokukhutshwa kwe-CO2 ye-2030-2034 kwaye ijolise ekunciphiseni ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2 kwiimoto ezintsha kunye neeveni nge-100% ukusuka kwi-2035 xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba e-2021.Ngexesha elifutshane, inkuthazo eqhuba phakathi kuka-2025 no-2029 iya kuvuza abavelisi abaphumelele i-25% yesabelo sentengiso yezithuthi (i-17% yeeveni) ngezithuthi ezikhutshwayo eziziro okanye eziphantsi.Kwiinyanga ezimbini zokuqala ze-2023, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane kukhule ngaphezu kwe-30% ngonyaka, ngelixa ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zizonke kunyuke ngaphezu kwe-10% ngonyaka.
E-US, ukuthengiswa kwe-EV kuya kukhula nge-55% kwi-2022 xa kuthelekiswa ne-2021, kunye ne-EVs yodwa ehamba phambili.Ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane kwenyuka nge-70% ukuya phantse kwiiyunithi ezingama-800,000, okuphawula unyaka wesibini wokukhula olomeleleyo emva kokuhla kwe-2019-2020.Iintengiso ze-plug-in hybrid nazo zenyuka, nangona kuphela i-15%.Ukukhula kwintengiso yezithuthi zombane e-US yomelele ngakumbi xa kuthengiso lwemoto iyonke ngo-2022 yehle nge-8% ukusuka ngo-2021, ngaphezulu komndilili wehlabathi oyi-3%.Ngokubanzi, i-US ibalelwa kwi-10 ipesenti yokukhula kwentengiso yehlabathi.Inani elipheleleyo leemoto zombane liya kufikelela kwi-3 yezigidi, eyi-40% ngaphezu kwe-2021, eya kuba yi-10% yenani elipheleleyo lezithuthi zombane kwihlabathi.Izithuthi zombane zibalelwa phantse i-8% yokuthengiswa kwezithuthi zizonke, ukusuka nje ngaphezulu kwe-5% ngo-2021 kwaye malunga ne-2% phakathi kwe-2018 kunye ne-2020.
Inani lezinto ezinegalelo ekunyuseni kweentengiso e-US.Iimodeli ezifikelelekayo ngakumbi ngaphaya kwezo zibonelelwa yinkokeli yembali uTesla zinokunceda ukuvala umsantsa wokubonelela.Ngeenkampani ezinkulu ezifana noTesla kunye noGeneral Motors bebetha isilingi yenkxaso-mali kwiminyaka edlulileyo ngenkxaso evela eUnited States, ezinye iinkampani ukuphehlelelwa kweemodeli ezintsha kuthetha ukuba abathengi abaninzi banokuzuza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-7,500 yeedola kwiinkuthazo zokuthenga.Njengoko oorhulumente kunye namashishini besiya ekufakeni umbane, ulwazi luyakhula: ngo-2022, omnye kwabane baseMelika balindele ukuba imoto yabo elandelayo ibe ngumbane, ngokutsho kwe-AAA.Ngelixa izibonelelo zokutshaja kunye nomgama wokuhamba uphuculwe kwiminyaka yakutshanje, bahlala bengumceli mngeni omkhulu kubaqhubi base-US, ngokunikwa umgama omde ngokubanzi, ukungena okuphantsi, kunye nokufumaneka okuncinci kwezinye iindlela ezifana nololiwe.Nangona kunjalo, ngo-2021, umthetho weziseko ezingundoqo we-bipartisan unyuse inkxaso yokutshaja isithuthi sombane ngokunikezela ngeebhiliyoni ezi-5 zeedola zaseMelika phakathi kowama-2022 no-2026 ngeNkqubo yeFomula yeSibonelelo soMbane seSizwe kunye nokwamkelwa kweNkqubo yeSizwe yeZibonelelo zoMbane ngokubonelela ngeedola ezibhiliyoni ezi-2.5 zeedola kwi-2. uhlobo lwezibonelelo ezikhuphisanayo.UkuTshaja ngokuKhethekileyo kunye neNkqubo yeNkxaso-mali yeZibonelelo eziBonelisayo.
Ukukhawuleza ekukhuleni kweentengiso kunokwenzeka ukuba kuqhubeke kwi-2023 nangaphezulu, ngenxa yomgaqo-nkqubo omtsha wenkxaso (jonga i-Outlook ye-Electric Vehicle Deployment).Umthetho wokuNcitshiswa kwexabiso lokunyuka kwamaxabiso (i-IRA) uye wavusa iphulo lehlabathi jikelele ngeenkampani zezithuthi zombane ukwandisa imisebenzi yokuvelisa e-US.Phakathi kuka-Agasti 2022 kunye noMatshi ka-2023, iimoto ezinkulu zombane kunye nabavelisi beebhetri babhengeze i-52 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zotyalo-mali kwikhonkco lokubonelela ngemoto yombane eMntla Melika, apho i-50% yayisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ibhetri, ngelixa izixhobo zebhetri kunye nokuveliswa kwemoto yombane zibalelwa malunga ne-20. iibhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika.Ibhiliyoni yeedola zaseMelika.%.Lilonke, izibhengezo zenkampani zibandakanya izibophelelo zokuqala zotyalo-mali kwikamva leebhetri zase-US kunye nokuveliswa kwezithuthi zombane, zizonke malunga ne-7.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ukuya kwi-108 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.Ngokomzekelo, uTesla uceba ukuhambisa i-gigafactory lithium-ion ibhetri ye-lithium e-Berlin ukuya eTexas, apho iya kusebenzisana ne-CATL yaseChina ukuvelisa izithuthi zombane zesizukulwana esilandelayo eMexico.I-Ford iphinde ibhengeze isivumelwano kunye ne-Ningde Times yokwakha iplanti yebhetri yaseMichigan kunye nezicwangciso zokunyusa imveliso yemoto yombane amaxesha amathandathu ekupheleni kuka-2023 xa kuthelekiswa no-2022, ukufikelela kwiimoto ezingama-600,000 ngonyaka kunye nokwandisa imveliso ukuya kwi-2 yezigidi zezithuthi ekupheleni kuka-2022. .2026. I-BMW iceba ukwandisa imveliso yemoto yombane kwisityalo sayo saseMzantsi Carolina emva kwe-IRA.IVolkswagen ikhethe iCanada kwisityalo sayo sokuqala sebhetri ngaphandle kweYurophu, ngenxa yokuqalisa ukusebenza ngo-2027, kwaye ityala imali ezibhiliyoni ezimbini zeedola kwisityalo eSouth Carolina.Ngelixa olu tyalo-mali kulindeleke ukuba lukhokelele ekukhuleni olomeleleyo kwiminyaka ezayo, impembelelo yalo epheleleyo inokungavakali kude kube ngu-2024, xa isityalo singena kwi-intanethi.
Ngexesha elifutshane, i-IRA ilinganisele iimfuno zokuthatha inxaxheba kwiinzuzo zokuthenga, njengoko izithuthi kufuneka zenziwe eMntla Melika ukuze zifaneleke ukufumana inkxaso-mali.Nangona kunjalo, intengiso ye-EV ihleli yomelele ukusukela ngo-Agasti ka-2022 kwaye iinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala zika-2023 aziyi kuhluka, kwaye intengiso ye-EV inyuke nge-60% kwikota yokuqala ka-2023 xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo ngo-2022, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba yachatshazelwa kukurhoxiswa kukaJanuwari. 2023 Ukucuthwa kwenkxaso yoMvelisi.Oku kuthetha ukuba iimodeli ezivela kwiinkokeli zentengiso ngoku zingonwabela izaphulelo xa kuthengwa.Ngexesha elide, uluhlu lweemodeli ezifanelekileyo kwinkxaso-mali kulindeleke ukuba zande.
Iimpawu zokuqala zokuthengisa kwikota yokuqala ye-2023 zibhekisela ekuthembeni, ukuxhaswa ngeendleko eziphantsi kunye nokwenyuka kwenkxaso yezopolitiko kwiimarike eziphambili ezifana ne-US.Ke, ngaphezu kwe-2.3 yezigidi zeemoto zombane esele zithengisiwe kwikota yokuqala yalo nyaka, silindele ukuthengiswa kwemoto yombane ukufikelela kwi-14 yezigidi kwi-2023. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane kwi-2023 kuya kukhula nge-35% xa kuthelekiswa no-2022, kwaye isabelo sentengiso yehlabathi jikelele yezithuthi zombane siya kunyuka ukusuka kwi-14% ngo-2022 ukuya malunga ne-18%.
Ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala ze-2023 kubonisa iimpawu zokukhula okunamandla xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kwi-2022. E-US, ngaphezu kwe-320,000 izithuthi zombane ziya kuthengiswa kwikota yokuqala ye-2023, i-60% ukusuka kwixesha elifanayo. ngo 2022. Ixesha elifanayo ngo-2022. Ngoku silindele ukuba olu hlumo luqhubeke unyaka wonke, kunye neentengiso zezithuthi zombane ezidlula i-1.5 yezigidi zeeyunithi ngo-2023, okukhokelela kuqikelelo lwe-12% yesabelo sokuthengiswa kwemoto yombane yase-US ngo-2023.
E-China, ukuthengiswa kwe-EV kwaqala kakubi ngo-2023, kunye nokuthengiswa kukaJanuwari phantsi kwe-8% ukususela ngoJanuwari 2022. Idatha ekhoyo yamva nje ibonisa ukuba ukuthengiswa kwe-EV kubuyisela ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokuthengiswa kwe-EV yaseChina phezulu kwe-20% kwikota yokuqala ye-2023 xa kuthelekiswa neyokuqala. kwikota ka-2022, kunye nee-EV ezingaphezu kwe-1.3 yezigidi ezibhalisiweyo.Silindele ukwakhiwa kweendleko ezincomekayo kwii-EVs ukodlula impembelelo yokuphelisa izibonelelo ze-EV ukuya ekupheleni kuka-2023. Ngenxa yoko, ngoku silindele ukuba ukuthengiswa kwe-EV e-China kukhule ngaphezu kwe-30% xa kuthelekiswa no-2022, ukufikelela malunga ne-8 yezigidi. iiyunithi ekupheleni kuka-2023, kunye nesabelo sokuthengisa esingaphezu kwe-35% (29% ngo-2022).
Ukukhula kokuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane eYurophu kulindeleke ukuba kube yeyona nto iphantsi kwiimarike ezintathu, eziqhutywa yimizila yamva nje kunye neethagethi ezixinzelelekileyo zokukhutshwa kwe-CO2 ezingayi kusebenza kude kube yi-2025 ekuqaleni.Kwikota yokuqala ye-2023, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane eYurophu kuya kukhula malunga ne-10% xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kwi-2022. ukuba ngumbane.
Ngaphandle kweemarike ze-EV eziqhelekileyo, ukuthengiswa kwe-EV kulindeleke ukuba kufikelele kwi-900,000 kwi-2023, ukuya kwi-50% ukusuka kwi-2022. , kodwa isakhula.
Ewe, kukho imingcipheko esezantsi kwimbonakalo ka-2023: ukudodobala koqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nokupheliswa kwe-China kwinkxaso-mali ye-NEV kunokudodobalisa ukukhula kwentengiso yezithuthi zombane kwihlabathi ngo-2023. Kwicala elincomekayo, iimarike ezintsha zinokuvuleka kwangoko kunokuba bekulindelwe ngokuzingisileyo. amaxabiso epetroli aphezulu afuna izithuthi zombane kwimimandla emininzi.Uphuhliso olutsha lwezopolitiko, olufana neSindululo se-Arhente yoKhuseleko lokuSingqongileyo yase-US (EPA) ka-Epreli ka-2023 sokuqinisa imigangatho yokukhupha igesi eluhlaza kwizithuthi, inokubonisa ukunyuka kweentengiso ngaphambi kokuba ziqalise ukusebenza.
Umdyarho wokufakelwa kombane unyusa inani leemodeli zezithuthi zombane ezikhoyo kwimarike.Ngo-2022, inani leenketho ezikhoyo liya kufikelela kwi-500, xa kuthelekiswa ngaphantsi kwe-450 kwi-2021 kwaye ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabini kwi-2018-2019.Njengakwiminyaka edlulileyo, i-China ineepotfoliyo zemveliso ebanzi ephantse ibe ngama-300 emodeli ekhoyo, eliphinda kabini inani ngo-2018-2019 ngaphambi kobhubhani we-Covid-19.Elo nani lisephantse laphinda kabini elo laseNorway, iNetherlands, iJamani, iSweden, iFransi kunye ne-UK, nganye ineemodeli ezimalunga ne-150 zokukhetha kuzo, ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kathathu inani langaphambi kobhubhane.Iimodeli ezingaphantsi kwe-100 ziya kufumaneka e-US ngo-2022, kodwa ngokuphindwe kabini kunangaphambi kobhubhane;eKhanada, eJapan, naseMzantsi Korea, angama-30 okanye ngaphantsi ayafumaneka.
Iindlela zonyaka ka-2022 zibonisa ukukhula okukhulayo kwentengiso yezithuthi zombane kwaye zibonisa ukuba ii-automakers zisabela kwimfuno ekhulayo yabathengi yezithuthi zombane.Nangona kunjalo, inani leemodeli ze-EV ezifumanekayo zisangaphantsi kweemoto eziqhelekileyo ze-injini yokutsha, zihlala ngaphezulu kwe-1,250 ukususela ngo-2010 kwaye zihamba phambili kwi-1,500 phakathi kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo.Ukuthengiswa kweemodeli zeenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi ziye zehla ngokuthe ngcembe kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kunye ne-CAGR ye-2% phakathi kwe-2016 kunye ne-2022, ifikelele malunga neeyunithi ze-1,300 ngo-2022. Oku kuncipha kuyahluka kwiimarike ezinkulu zeemoto kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu.Oku kubonakala ngokukodwa e-China, apho inani le-ICE elikhethiweyo elikhoyo kwi-2022 li-8% elingaphantsi kwe-2016, xa kuthelekiswa ne-3-4% e-US naseYurophu ngexesha elifanayo.Oku kunokuba ngenxa yokunciphisa imarike yeemoto kunye nokutshintshwa ngokuthe ngcembe kwee-automakers ezinkulu ukuya kwizithuthi zombane.Kwixesha elizayo, ukuba i-automakers igxininise ekufakeni umbane kwaye iqhubeke nokuthengisa imodeli ekhoyo ye-ICE kunokunyusa uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lophuhliso lwabatsha, inani elipheleleyo leemodeli ze-ICE ezikhoyo zingahlala zizinzile, ngelixa inani leemodeli ezintsha liya kuncipha.
Ukufumaneka kweemodeli zemoto yombane kukhula ngokukhawuleza xa kuthelekiswa neemodeli zeenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi, kunye ne-CAGR ye-30% kwi-2016-2022.Kwiimalike ezisakhasayo, oku kukhula kulindeleke njengoko inani elikhulu labangenayo bezisa iimveliso ezintsha ekuthengiseni kwaye abo bakwizikhundla zabo benza izinto ezahlukeneyo kwiipotfoliyo zabo zemveliso.Ukukhula kuye kwaba sezantsi kancinci kwiminyaka yakutshanje, malunga ne-25% ngonyaka ngo-2021 kunye ne-15% ngo-2022. Amanani emodeli kulindeleke ukuba aqhubeke nokukhula ngokukhawuleza kwixesha elizayo njengoko ii-automakers ezinkulu zandisa iiphothifoliyo zabo ze-EV kunye nabangenayo abatsha bomeleza unyawo lwabo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezikhulayo. iimarike kunye namazwe asaphuhlayo (EMDEs).Inani lembali leemodeli ze-ICE ezifumanekayo kwimarike licebisa ukuba inani langoku leenketho ze-EV linokuphinda kabini ubuncinci phambi komgangatho.
Ingxaki enkulu kwimakethi yeemoto zehlabathi (ezizombini izithuthi zombane kunye neenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi) lulawulo olukhulu lwee-SUVs kunye neemodeli ezinkulu kwimarike yokhetho olufikelelekayo.Abenzi be-automakers banokufumana iingeniso eziphezulu kwiimodeli ezinjalo ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokubuya, elinokuthi lifake inxalenye yotyalo-mali ekuphuhliseni izithuthi zombane.Kwezinye iimeko, ezifana ne-US, izithuthi ezinkulu zinokuzuza kwimigangatho yoqoqosho ye-fuel engqongqo, ekhuthaza ii-automakers ukuba zandise kancinane ubungakanani besithuthi ukuze zifaneleke ukuba ziilori ezilula.
Nangona kunjalo, iimodeli ezinkulu zibiza kakhulu, zidala imiba ephambili yokufikeleleka kwibhodi yonke, ngakumbi kwiimarike ezisakhulayo nakumazwe asakhulayo.Iimodeli ezinkulu nazo zineempembelelo zokuzinza kunye nokubonelela ngamakhonkco njengoko zisebenzisa iibhetri ezinkulu ezifuna iiminerali ezibaluleke ngakumbi.Ngo-2022, ubungakanani bebhetri obunomlinganiselo wexabiso lokuthengisa kwiimoto ezincinci zombane ziya kuvela kwi-25 kWh e-China ukuya kwi-35 kWh eFransi, eJamani nase-UK, kunye ne-60 kWh e-US.Xa uthelekisa, umndilili wokusetyenziswa kula mazwe uphakathi kwe-70–75 kWh kwiiSUV zombane kuphela kunye nakuluhlu lwama-75–90 kWh kwiimodeli ezinkulu.
Nokuba ingakanani na isayizi yesithuthi, ukutshintsha ukusuka kwiinjini zokutsha ukuya kumandla ombane yeyona nto iphambili ekuphumezeni usukelo lokukhutshwa kweqanda elinguziro, kodwa ukunciphisa impembelelo yeebhetri ezinkulu nako kubalulekile.Ngo-2022, eFransi, eJamani nase-UK, ubunzima bokuthengiswa kwe-avareji ye-SUVs yombane kuphela iya kuba ngamaxesha angama-1.5 eemoto ezincinci zombane eziqhelekileyo ezifuna intsimbi, i-aluminium kunye neplastiki;Ibhetri ephindwe kabini ephuma ezindleleni ifuna malunga nama-75% eeminerali engaphezulu.Ukukhutshwa kweCO2 enxulumene nokuphathwa kwempahla, ukuveliswa kunye nokudibanisa kulindeleke ukuba kunyuke ngaphezu kwe-70%.
Kwangaxeshanye, ii-SUV zombane zinokucutha ukusetyenziswa kwe-oyile ngaphezulu kwe-150,000 yebhareli ngosuku ngo-2022 kwaye ziphephe ukukhutshwa kombhobho ohambelana nokutsha kwepetroli kwiinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi.Ngelixa ii-SUV zombane ziya kwenza malunga nama-35% azo zonke iimoto zabakhweli zombane (PLDVs) ngo-2022, isabelo sazo sokukhutshelwa kwamafutha ezithuthi siya kuba phezulu nangakumbi (malunga nama-40%) kuba ii-SUVs zikholisa ukusetyenziswa ngaphezu kweemoto ezincinci.Ngokuqinisekileyo, iimoto ezincinci zidla ngokufuna amandla amancinci okuqhuba kunye nezixhobo ezimbalwa zokwakha, kodwa ii-SUV zombane ngokuqinisekileyo zisathanda iinjini zokutsha.
Ngo-2022, ii-ICE SUVs ziya kukhupha ngaphezulu kwe-1 Gt ye-CO2, idlula kude i-80 Mt net yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezithuthi zombane kulo nyaka.Ngelixa ukuthengiswa kwemoto iyonke kuya kuhla nge-0.5% ngo-2022, ukuthengiswa kweSUV kuya kukhula nge-3% xa kuthelekiswa no-2021, kubalelwa malunga ne-45% yeentengiso zeemoto zizonke, kunye nokukhula okubonakalayo okuvela e-US, e-Indiya naseYurophu.Kwizithuthi ze-ICE ezili-1,300 ezifumaneka ngo-2022, ngaphezulu kwe-40% ziya kuba zii-SUV, xa kuthelekiswa ngaphantsi kwe-35% yezithuthi ezincinci neziphakathi.Inani elipheleleyo leenketho ze-ICE ezikhoyo ziyancipha ukusuka kwi-2016 ukuya kwi-2022, kodwa kuphela kwizithuthi ezincinci kunye neziphakathi (i-35% iyancipha), ngelixa iyanda kwiimoto ezinkulu kunye ne-SUVs (ukwanda kwe-10%).
Umkhwa ofanayo uyabonwa kwimarike yemoto yombane.Malunga ne-16% yazo zonke ii-SUVs ezithengisiweyo ngo-2022 ziya kuba zii-EVs, ezidlula isabelo semarike sisonke se-EVs, ebonisa ukukhetha kwabathengi kwii-SUVs, nokuba zizithuthi ezivuthayo zangaphakathi okanye zombane.Ngo-2022, phantse i-40% yazo zonke iimodeli zezithuthi zombane ziya kuba zii-SUV, ezilingana nesabelo esidibeneyo sezithuthi ezincinci neziphakathi.Ngaphezulu kwe-15% yawela kwisabelo sezinye iimodeli ezinkulu.Kwiminyaka nje emithathu edlulileyo, ngo-2019, iimodeli ezincinci kunye neziphakathi zithatha i-60% yazo zonke iimodeli ezikhoyo, kunye neeSUVs kuphela ngama-30%.
E-China naseYurophu, ii-SUV kunye neemodeli ezinkulu ziya kwenza iipesenti ezingama-60 zokhetho olukhoyo lwe-BEV ngo-2022, ngokuhambelana ne-avareji yehlabathi.Ngokwahlukileyo, ii-SUVs kunye neemodeli ezinkulu ze-ICE zenza malunga neepesenti ezingama-70 zeemodeli ze-ICE ezifumanekayo kule mimandla, icebisa ukuba ii-EV okwangoku zisencinci kunezinye zazo ze-ICE.Iingxelo ezivela kwabanye oomatshini abakhulu baseYurophu bacebisa ukuba kunokunyuswa ukugxila kwiimodeli ezincinci kodwa ezidumileyo kwiminyaka ezayo.Ngokomzekelo, iVolkswagen ibhengeze ukuba iya kusungula imodeli engaphantsi kwe-€ 25,000 kwimarike yaseYurophu ngo-2025 kunye ne-sub-€ 20,000 imodeli ye-compact kwi-2026-27 ukubhenela uluhlu olubanzi lwabathengi.E-US, ngaphezulu kwe-80% yeenketho ze-BEV ezikhoyo ziya kuba zii-SUV okanye iimodeli ezinkulu ngo-2022, ngaphezulu kwe-70% yesabelo see-SUV okanye iimodeli ezinkulu ze-ICE.Ukujonga phambili, ukuba isibhengezo samva nje sokwandisa inkuthazo ye-IRA kwii-SUV ezininzi siye sazaliseka, lindela ukubona iiSUV zombane ezininzi e-US.Ngaphantsi kwe-IRA, iSebe lase-US likaNondyebo lalihlaziya ukuhlelwa kwesithuthi kwaye ngo-2023 yatshintsha indlela yokufaneleka yemboleko yemoto ecocekileyo ehambelana neeSUV ezincinci, ngoku zifanelekile ukuba ixabiso lingaphantsi kwe-80,000 yeedola ukusuka kwi-cap yangaphambili.kwi $55,000..
Ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane e-China kuye kwanyuswa ngokuqhubekayo kwenkxaso yezopolitiko kunye namaxabiso aphantsi okuthengisa.Ngo-2022, ixabiso elilinganiselweyo lentengiso yezithuthi ezincinci zombane e-China ziya kuba ngaphantsi kwe-10,000 yeedola, ngaphantsi kwenqanaba elingaphezulu kwe-30,000 yeedola ngonyaka omnye xa ixabiso elilinganiselweyo lentengiso yezithuthi ezincinci zombane eYurophu nase-United States idlula i-30,000 yeedola.
E-China, iinqwelo zombane ezithengiswa kakhulu kwi-2022 ziya kuba yi-Wuling Mini BEV, imoto encinci yexabiso eliphantsi kwe-6,500 yeedola, kunye ne-BYD Dolphin imoto encinci phantsi kwe-16,000 yeedola.Ngokudibeneyo, ezi modeli zimbini zibalelwa phantse i-15 yeepesenti yokukhula kweTshayina ekuthengisweni kweemoto zombane zabakhweli, ebonisa imfuno yeemodeli ezincinci.Ngokuthelekisa, iimoto ezincinci zombane ezithengiswa kakhulu eFransi, eJamani nase-UK - i-Fiat 500, i-Peugeot e-208 kunye ne-Renault Zoe - ixabisa i-$ 35,000.Zimbalwa kakhulu iimoto zombane ezincinci ezithengiswa e-US, ngakumbi i-Chevrolet Bolt kunye ne-Mini Cooper BEV, exabisa malunga ne-30,000 yeedola.I-Tesla Model Y yeyona moto ithengiswa kakhulu yabakhweli be-BEV kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu (ngaphezu kwe-65,000 yeedola) kunye ne-United States (ngaphezu kwe-10,000 yeedola).50,000).6
Abenzi beemoto baseTshayina bagxile ekuphuhliseni iimodeli ezincinci, ezifikelelekayo, phambi koogxa babo bamazwe ngamazwe, ukunciphisa iindleko emva kweminyaka yokhuphiswano olunzima lwasekhaya.Ukususela kwi-2000s, amakhulu abavelisi bezithuthi zombane ezincinci baye bangena kwiimarike, baxhamla kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zenkxaso karhulumente, kubandakanywa inkxaso-mali kunye nenkuthazo kubathengi kunye nabavelisi.Uninzi lwezi nkampani zakhutshelwa ngaphandle kokhuphiswano njengoko izibonelelo zaye zasuswa kwaye intengiso iye yadityaniswa neenkokeli ezilishumi elinesibini ezithe zaphuhlisa ngempumelelo iimoto zombane ezincinci nezingabizi mali ininzi kwimarike yaseTshayina.Ukudityaniswa okuthe nkqo kwebhetri kunye nekhonkco lokubonelela ngesithuthi sombane, ukusuka ekusetyenzweni kwezimbiwa ukuya kwimveliso yebhetri kunye nemoto yombane, kunye nokufikelela kubasebenzi abanexabiso eliphantsi, ukuvelisa kunye nenkxaso-mali kwibhodi yonke nako kuqhuba uphuhliso lweemodeli ezinexabiso eliphantsi.
Ngeli xesha, abavelisi beemoto eYurophu nase-US - nokuba ngabaphuhlisi bokuqala abafana noTesla okanye abadlali abakhulu abakhoyo - ukuza kuthi ga ngoku bagxile kakhulu kwiimodeli ezinkulu, ezinobunewunewu ngakumbi, ngaloo ndlela banikezela kancinci kwintengiso enkulu.Nangona kunjalo, iinguqulelo ezincinci ezikhoyo kula mazwe zihlala zibonelela ngokusebenza ngcono kunezo zaseTshayina, ezinje ngoluhlu olude.Ngo-2022, i-avareji yokuthengisa i-mileage yeemoto ezincinci zombane ezithengiswa e-US ziya kusondela kwiikhilomitha ezingama-350, ngelixa eFransi, eJamani nase-UK eli nani liya kuba ngaphantsi kweekhilomitha ezingama-300, kwaye e-China eli nani lincinci.ngaphezu kwama-220 eekhilomitha.Kwamanye amacandelo, umahluko awubalulekanga kangako.Ukuduma kwezikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke e-China kunokucacisa ngokuyinxenye ukuba kutheni abathengi baseTshayina kunokwenzeka ukuba bakhethe uluhlu olusezantsi kunabathengi baseYurophu okanye baseMelika.
I-Tesla yehlise amaxabiso kwiimodeli zayo kabini ngo-2022 njengoko ukhuphiswano lusanda kwaye uninzi lwee-automakers lubhengeze iinketho ezingabizi kakhulu kule minyaka imbalwa izayo.Ngelixa la mabango efanele uphononongo olongezelelweyo, lo mkhwa ungabonisa ukuba umsantsa wexabiso phakathi kwezithuthi zombane ezincinci kunye neenjini ezikhoyo zeenjini zokutsha zingavala ngokuthe ngcembe kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi.
Ngo-2022, iimarike ezintathu ezinkulu zezithuthi zombane - i-China, iYurophu kunye ne-US - ziya kuphendula malunga ne-95% yeentengiso zehlabathi.IiMarike ezisaPhumayo kunye noQoqosho olusaPhumayo (EMDEs) ngaphandle kweTshayina zenza inxalenye encinci yemarike yezithuthi zombane zehlabathi.Imfuno yezithuthi zombane inyukile kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kodwa ukuthengisa kuhlala kuphantsi.
Ngelixa iimarike ezisakhasayo kunye namazwe asakhasayo ehlala ekhawuleza ukwamkela iimveliso zetekhnoloji zamva nje ezisezantsi ezinje ngee-smartphones, iikhompyuter kunye nezixhobo eziqhagamshelweyo, iimoto zombane zihlala zibiza kakhulu kubantu abaninzi.Ngokophando lwakutsha nje, ngaphezulu kwama-50 epesenti yabantu abathe baphendula eGhana bangathanda ukuthenga imoto yombane kunemoto yenjini evuthayo, kodwa ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sabo banokuba ngabathengi abafuni kuchitha ngaphezulu kweedola ezingama-20,000 kwimoto yombane.Umqobo unokunqongophala kokutshaja okuthembekileyo nokufikelelekayo, kunye nokukwazi ukunyinwa kwinkonzo, ukulungisa nokugcina izithuthi zombane.Kwiimarike ezininzi ezisakhulayo kunye namazwe asakhasayo, ukuthuthwa kweendlela zisasekelwe kakhulu kwizisombululo zezothutho ezincinci kumaziko asezidolophini afana namavili amabini kunye namavili amathathu, enza inkqubela phambili ekufakeni umbane kunye nokuhamba ngokubambisana ukuze kuphumelele kwiihambo zengingqi ukuya emsebenzini.Ukuziphatha kokuthenga kwahlukile, ngobunini bemoto yabucala busezantsi kunye nokuthengwa kwemoto esetyenzisiweyo kuxhaphake ngakumbi.Ukujonga phambili, ngelixa ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zombane (zombini ezitsha nezisetyenzisiweyo) kwiimarike ezisakhulayo kunye namazwe asaphuhlayo kulindeleke ukuba zikhule, amazwe amaninzi anokuthi aqhubeke ethembele ngokuyintloko kumavili amabini kunye namathathu.kuthetha (jonga iimoto kule ngxelo) .inxalenye) ).
Ngo-2022, kuya kubakho i-boom ebalulekileyo kwiimoto zombane e-Indiya, eThailand nase-Indonesia.Ngokudibeneyo, ukuthengiswa kwe-EV kula mazwe kuphindwe kathathu ukusukela ngo-2021 ukuya phantse kuma-80,000.Intengiso ngo-2022 iphezulu ngokuphindwe kasixhenxe kuno-2019 ngaphambi kobhubhani we-Covid-19.Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuthengiswa kwezinye iimarike ezisakhulayo kunye namazwe asaphuhlayo kwakuphantsi.
E-Indiya, ukuthengiswa kwe-EV kuya kufikelela phantse kwi-50,000 kwi-2022, ngokuphindwe kane ngaphezu kwe-2021, kwaye ukuthengiswa kwemoto iyonke kuya kukhula ngaphantsi kwe-15%.Umvelisi ophambili wasekhaya uTata ubalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-85% yeentengiso zeBEV, ngelixa ukuthengiswa kweBEV encinci iTigor/Tiago kuphindwe kane.Ukuthengiswa kwe-plug-in hybrid yezithuthi eIndiya zisasondele kwi-zero.Iinkampani ezintsha zezithuthi zombane ngoku zibheja kwiSkimu sikarhulumente seMvuzo yeMveliso (i-PLI), inkqubo yenkxaso-mali eqikelelwa kwi-2 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ejolise ekwandiseni imveliso yezithuthi zombane kunye namacandelo azo.Le nkqubo itsale utyalo-mali lulonke lwe-US$8.3 yeebhiliyoni.
Nangona kunjalo, imakethi yaseIndiya okwangoku isagxile ekwabelwanayo kunye nokuhamba okuncinci.Ngo-2022, i-25% yokuthengwa kwe-EV e-Indiya kuya kwenziwa ngabaqhubi bezithuthi abafana neeteksi.Ekuqaleni kuka-2023, uTata wafumana iodolo enkulu evela kwa-Uber yeemoto zombane ezingama-25,000.Kwakhona, ngelixa i-55% yamavili amathathu athengiswayo zizithuthi zombane, ngaphantsi kwe-2% yezithuthi ezithengiswayo zizithuthi zombane.I-Ola, inkampani enkulu yemoto yombane yaseIndiya ngengeniso, ayikaboneleli ngezithuthi zombane.I-Ola, endaweni yoko igxininise ukuhamba okuphantsi, ijolise ukuphindaphinda amandla ayo ombane amabini ukuya kwi-2 yezigidi ekupheleni kwe-2023 kwaye ifikelele kumthamo wonyaka we-10 yezigidi phakathi kwe-2025 kunye ne-2028. Le nkampani iphinda icwangcise ukwakha ibhetri ye-lithium-ion iplanti enomthamo wokuqala we-5 GWh, kunye nokwandiswa ukuya kwi-100 GWh ngo-2030. U-Ola uceba ukuqalisa ukuthengisa izithuthi zombane kwishishini lakhe leteksi ngo-2024 kwaye afake umbane ngokupheleleyo kwiinqwelo zeteksi ngo-2029, ngelixa esungula i-premium kunye ne-mass-market electric ishishini lezithuthi.Inkampani ibhengeze utyalo-mali olungaphezulu kwe-900 yezigidi zeedola kwimveliso yebhetri kunye nombane wombane kumazantsi eIndiya kwaye yandise imveliso yonyaka ukusuka kwi-100,000 ukuya kwi-140,000 yezithuthi.
E-Thailand, ukuthengiswa kwe-EV kuphindwe kabini ukuya kwiiyunithi ze-21,000, kunye neentengiso zahlulwe ngokulinganayo phakathi kweemoto zombane ezicocekileyo kunye ne-plug-in hybrids.Ukukhula kwenani labenzi beemoto baseTshayina kuye kwakhawulezisa ukwamkelwa kwezithuthi zombane kweli lizwe.Ngo-2021, i-Great Wall Motors, umenzi we-injini ephambili yaseTshayina (i-OEM), yazisa i-Euler Haomao BEV kwimarike yaseThai, eya kuba yeyona moto yombane ithengiswa kakhulu eThailand ngo-2022 ngentengiso yeeyunithi ezingama-4,000.Eyesibini neyesithathu izithuthi ezidumileyo zikwayizithuthi zaseTshayina ezenziwe yiShanghai Automotive Industry (SAIC), akukho nanye ethe yathengiswa eThailand ngo-2020. wangena kwimarike yaseThai, efana neBMW kunye neMercedes, ngaloo ndlela itsala isiseko sabathengi esibanzi.Ukongeza, urhulumente wase-Thai unikezela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhuthaza ngemali kwizithuthi zombane, kubandakanya inkxaso-mali, umnyinyiva werhafu, kunye nokunciphisa irhafu yokungenisa elizweni, enokunceda ukonyusa umtsalane wezithuthi zombane.I-Tesla iceba ukungena kwimarike yaseThai ngo-2023 kwaye ifake imveliso yee-supercharger.
E-Indonesia, ukuthengiswa kweemoto zombane ezicocekileyo zonyuka ngaphezu kwamaxesha e-14 ukuya kwiiyunithi ze-10,000, ngelixa ukuthengiswa kwee-plug-in hybrids kwahlala kufutshane ne-zero.Ngo-Matshi 2023, i-Indonesia yabhengeza inkuthazo entsha yokuxhasa ukuthengiswa kombane onamavili amabini, iimoto kunye neebhasi, ezijolise ekomelezeni isithuthi sombane sasekhaya kunye nomthamo wokuvelisa ibhetri ngeemfuno zecandelo lendawo.Urhulumente uceba ukuxhasa ukuthengiswa kwe-200,000 yombane onamavili amabini kunye neenqwelo zombane ze-36,000 ngo-2023 kunye nezabelo zokuthengisa ze-4 ekhulwini kunye ne-5 ekhulwini, ngokulandelanayo.Inkxaso-mali entsha inokunciphisa amaxabiso eevili ezimbini zombane ngama-25-50% ukubanceda bakhuphisane nabalingane babo be-ICE.I-Indonesia idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwisithuthi sombane kunye nekhonkco lokubonelela ngebhetri, ngakumbi xa kunikwe imithombo yezimbiwa ezityebileyo kunye newonga njengomvelisi omkhulu wehlabathi we-nickel ore.Oku kutsale utyalo-mali kwiinkampani zehlabathi, kwaye i-Indonesia inokuba lelona ziko likhulu lokuvelisa iibhetri kunye namalungu.
Ukufumaneka komfuziselo kuhlala kungumngeni kwiimarike ezisakhasayo nakumazwe asaphuhlayo, kunye neemodeli ezininzi ezithengiswa ikakhulu kumacandelo eprimiyamu anjengeeSUV kunye neemodeli ezinkulu zodidi oluphezulu.Ngelixa ii-SUVs ziyindlela yehlabathi, amandla alinganiselweyo okuthenga kwiimarike ezisakhulayo kunye namazwe asaphuhlayo enza ukuba ezo zithuthi zifikeleleke.Kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo echazwe kweli candelo lengxelo, kukho isimbuku esingaphezu kwama-60 emarike asahlumayo kunye namazwe asakhasayo, kuquka lawo axhaswa yiGlobal Environment Facility's (GEF) Global Electric Mobility Programme, apho inani leemodeli ezinkulu zezithuthi ezikhoyo. imali ngo-2022 iya kuba ngokuphindwe kabini ukuya kwezintandathu ngaphezu kwamashishini amancinci.
E-Afrika, imodeli yemoto yombane ethengiswa kakhulu ngo-2022 iya kuba yi-Hyundai Kona (i-crossover yombane ecocekileyo), ngelixa i-Porsche enkulu kunye nexabiso eliphezulu i-Taycan BEV inerekhodi lokuthengisa eliphantse lilingane ne-Nissan's midsize Leaf BEV.Ii-SUV zombane nazo zithengisa ngokuphindwe kasibhozo ngaphezu kweenqwelo zombane ezincinci ezimbini ezithengiswa kakhulu zidityanisiwe: iMini Cooper SE BEV kunye neRenault Zoe BEV.E-Indiya, imodeli ye-EV ethengiswa kakhulu yi-Tata Nexon BEV crossover, kunye neeyunithi ezingaphezu kwe-32,000 ezithengiswayo, ngokuphindwe kathathu kunemodeli elandelayo ethengiswa kakhulu, i-Tata encinci ye-Tigor / Tiago BEV.Kuzo zonke iimarike ezikhulayo kunye namazwe asakhulayo ahlanganiswe apha, ukuthengiswa kwee-SUV zombane zafikelela kwiiyunithi ezingama-45,000, ngaphezu kweentengiso ezincinci (23,000) kunye ne-midsize (16,000) izithuthi zombane zidibene.ECosta Rica, eneemodeli ezinkulu ze-EV kwiLatin America, ezine kuphela kwiimodeli eziphezulu ezingama-20 ezingezizo ii-SUVs, kwaye phantse isithathu sinobunewunewu.Ikamva lokufakelwa kombane ngobuninzi kwiimarike ezisahlumayo nakumazwe asaphuhlayo lixhomekeke kuphuhliso lwezithuthi zombane ezincinci nezifikelelekayo, kunye namavili amabini namathathu.
Umehluko obalulekileyo ekuvavanyeni ukuphuhliswa kweemarike zeemoto ngumahluko phakathi kokubhalisa kunye nokuthengisa.Ubhaliso olutsha lubhekiselele kwinani lezithuthi ezibhaliswe ngokusemthethweni kumasebe karhulumente afanelekileyo okanye ii-arhente zeinshorensi okokuqala ngqa, kuqukwa nezithuthi zasekhaya neziphuma kumazwe angaphandle.Umthamo wentengiso unokubhekisa kwizithuthi ezithengiswa ngabathengisi okanye abathengisi (iintengiso zentengiso), okanye izithuthi ezithengiswa ngabavelisi beemoto kubathengisi (ex works, okt kubandakanya nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe).Xa uhlalutya imarike yeemoto, ukhetho lwezikhombisi lunokubaluleka kakhulu.Ukuqinisekisa ukubalwa kwemali okungaguqukiyo kuwo onke amazwe kwaye kuthintelwe ukubalwa kabini kwihlabathi jikelele, ubungakanani bemalike yemoto kule ngxelo isekelwe kubhaliso olutsha lwemoto (ukuba lukhona) kunye neentengiso zentengiso, hayi ukuhanjiswa kwefektri.
Ukubaluleka koku kuboniswa kakuhle yindlela yokuthengisa imoto yaseTshayina ngo-2022. Ukuhanjiswa kweefektri (kubalwa njengomthamo wentengiso) kwimarike yemoto yabahambi yaseChina kuxelwe ukuba kukhule nge-7% ukuya kwi-10% ngo-2022, ngelixa ukubhaliswa kwenkampani ye-inshorensi kubonisa. imarike yasekhaya edangeleyo kwangaloo nyaka.Ukonyuka kubonwe kwidatha evela kwiChina Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM), umthombo wedatha osemthethweni weshishini leemoto laseChina.Idatha ye-CAAM iqokelelwa kubenzi bezithuthi kwaye imele ukuhanjiswa kwefektri.Omnye umthombo okhankanywe ngokubanzi yi-China Passenger Car Association (CPCA), umbutho ongekho phantsi korhulumente othengisa, uthengisa, kwaye uthumela iimoto ngaphandle, kodwa akagunyaziswanga ukubonelela ngezibalo zelizwe kwaye ayifaki zonke ii-OEM, ngelixa i-CAAM isenza..I-China Automotive Technology kunye neZiko loPhando (i-CATARC), itanki yokucinga karhulumente, iqokelela idatha yokuvelisa isithuthi ngokusekelwe kumanani okuchongwa kwesithuthi kunye neenombolo zokuthengisa isithuthi ngokusekelwe kwidatha yokubhaliswa kwe-inshurensi yemoto.E-China, i-inshurensi yemoto ikhutshelwa isithuthi ngokwaso, kungekhona kumqhubi ngamnye, ngoko ke luncedo ukugcina umkhondo wenani lezithuthi endleleni, kubandakanywa nezisuka kwamanye amazwe.Ukungahambelani okuphambili phakathi kwedatha ye-CATARC kunye neminye imithombo inxulumene nomkhosi othunyelwa ngaphandle kunye ongabhaliswanga okanye ezinye izixhobo, kunye nezitokhwe zabenzi beemoto.
Ukukhula okukhawulezayo kokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweemoto zabakhweli ngo-2022 kwenza ukuba umahluko phakathi kwale mithombo yedatha ubonakale ngakumbi.Ngo-2022, ukuthunyelwa kweemoto zabakhweli kumazwe angaphandle kuya kunyuka phantse nge-60% ukuya ngaphezulu kwe-2.5 yezigidi zeeyunithi, ngelixa ukuthengwa kweemoto zabakhweli kuya kuhla malunga ne-20% (ukusuka kwiiyunithi ezingama-950,000 ukuya kwi-770,000).
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-01-2023